Basic economics Assignment microeconomics Essay

Fundamental financial aspects Assignment microeconomics - Essay Example a. Value Elasticity of Demand 9 4. b. Short-Run and Long-Run Price Elasticity 12 4. c. Value Elasticity of Demand for a Particular Brand 13 4. d. On the off chance that Price Elasticity of Demand for Cigarettes Is Inelastic 13 References 14 Bibliography 15 1. a. Effect on ‘Law of Demand’ when there is no Scarcity of Resources According to a hypothesis of ‘Law of demand’, an opposite relationship exists between amount requested by clients and cost of items and additionally benefits. On the off chance that there is no shortage of assets in a given market, the cost of a product may fall quickly which thusly will give ascend to request of the ware. As expressed in the hypothesis, a lessening in cost of an item builds its interest in advertise. Besides, in monetary point of view, human instinct is named to be continually requesting which delineates that request of product will proceed to rise and in this manner influencing its cost on the loose. In this manner, i t very well may be expressed that whether there is a shortage of assets or not, the ‘Law of Demand’ will at present exist (Baumol and Blinder, 2009). Therefore, value proportioning can likewise be seen for this situation because of a reality that requests of people are named to be ceaseless or boundless. Be that as it may, in actuality, assets of merchandise are constrained. In this manner, value proportioning will be unequivocally obvious (Maddala, 2004). Decisively, from a financial perspective, it very well may be expressed that assets will be proficiently utilized when there is no shortage. ... efects of a Market System In the investigation of microeconomics, three key issues looked by any general public are: What merchandise as well as administrations can be delivered in a given society and what will be a suitable amount of creation? How to deliver the necessary merchandise or potentially benefits? The delivered products as well as administrations will be focused to which market portion or clients? (Gabay and Et. Al., 2007). On the comparable setting, value component is alluded to as deciding costs of products as well as administrations with the impact of different powers of interest and flexibly in a given society. The hypothesis expect to have no obstruction regarding outer components to the general public. As per a hypothesis of financial aspects, makers consistently will in general produce those items which can be sold in showcase at a significant expense and apply those creation procedures which are cost-proficient so as to amplify their benefits. So also, clients wil l in general kindness items which are less expensive and subsequently it decides the cost of the ware in a given market. Along these lines, value system expresses an associated connection between personal matters of makers and purchasers. As it were, activities of makers are directed by activities of buyers and the other way around. This productively decides amount of creation and cost of a ware, taking care of the three principal issues of a general public (Jain and Khanna, 2007). Nonetheless, there are a couple of imperfections that exist in a market which gives ascend to different confinements of value instrument hypothesis. They can be distinguished as, advertise capabilities, wasteful or inefficient creations, outer impacts, lethargy of products, lopsided dissemination of pay and others (Jain and Khanna, 2007). 2. a. Thinking The part of ‘opportunity cost’ can be very much distinguished for this situation. It is

System Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Framework Analysis - Essay Example Use cases can be utilized for pretty much every sort of venture for the explanation that they are helpful in giving data about arranging related issues and necessities of the task. In this manner, in the start of an undertaking the greater part use cases ought to be characterized, anyway as the venture continues greater limit ends up being observable. In basic words, the fundamental motivation behind use case outline is to perceive the significant components and techniques that make up the framework. These significant components are perceived as on-screen characters and the techniques are known as use cases. In this situation, the utilization case outline shows which entertainers relate with each utilization case (Braun et al., 2011) and (Chitnis et al., 2003). Use Case Diagram of WBF Ltd rental framework B-Use case depiction The way toward characterizing the general use case alongside fundamental parts of associations between the framework and the clients is known as use case portra yal. In the situation of framework improvement, the primary motivation behind use case depiction is to clarify generally methodology notwithstanding viewpoints those are exhibited in the graph with the goal that the watcher can have better outline of the collaborations and procedures (Sommerville, 2004) and (Pressman, 2001). Rental Process Use case portrayal Use case Description This utilization case depicts the procedure of film rental for client. In this situation a client puts a solicitation for the film. In the event that film is accessible then client gives his own subtleties. In the wake of recording client subtleties framework stores the framework film rental data and procedures installment data. After installment handling framework conveys the receipt to the client. Precondition/s In request to process film rental solicitation there is a precondition for the accessibility of the film in stock. On the off chance that the necessary film is accessible in the film stock, at that point the framework forms the film rental solicitation. Post condition/s For the fruitful consummation of the general rental procedure, there is a need to execute an appropriate methodology for preparing the installment of client. In the wake of getting installment from the client, framework completes the rental demands just as gives it by sparing client and film data and conveying the installment receipt. Steps I have delineated underneath a portion of the fundamental strides for the general procedure of film rental case: Customer demands for leasing a film Customer chooses the ideal film Customer gives individual subtleties Customer pays the necessary expense of film he needs to take on lease System spares data System conveys receipt Assuming that the client has picked the film and it is accessible to lease, produce a bit by bit use case depiction for the utilization case ‘Check out Film’ in WBF Ltd rental framework utilizing a proper layout/position that ought to in clude: C-Role of class graph Class charts are the establishment of article situated plan and investigation. Class outlines exhibit the classes of the primary framework that we will create, their associations (involving collection, legacy just as relationship), and the attributes and procedures of the classes. Additionally, class outlines are utilized to complete an expansive scope of capacities, for example, together space/theoretical displaying and thorough structure

Education and Life Expectancy Components Human Development Index

Question: Examine about the Comparing HDI and ISEW. Answer: Human Development Index (HDI) Developing acknowledgment of the failings of the ordinary GNP and salary as the essential markers of monetary advancement has prompted the improvement of elective measuring sticks. After the disappointment of GNP on a worldwide scale, two elective measuring sticks for surveying monetary advancement have risen - The Human Development Index (HDI) supported by UNDP and the Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare (ISEW) grew together by business analyst Herman Daly and scholar John Cobb, (Takhar-Lail Ghorbani (ed), 2014). HDI estimated on a 0 to 1 scale for an economy, is totaled utilizing three pointers, state (Arthur, Waring, Coe Hedges (ed), 2012): Longevity, Knowledge and accessibility of assets required for a dynamic country. Life span is the future of a resident. Information is estimated by grown-up education. Gross domestic product is utilized for the accessibility of assets per individual in the wake of buying power is balanced. Since every one of the three are taken as National Averages of the country, disparity of riches among the populace isn't thought of. In spite of the fact that accessibility of assets for longer periods indicates more significant levels of Literacy and Longevity, (Arthur, Waring, Coe Hedges (ed), 2012). Disputable and wide variations among the countries is seen when countries are positioned utilizing GDP as the reason for HDI, (Grbich, 2012). Costa Rica is positioned 40th in a HDI table, while South Africa, having GDP 27% higher than Costa Rica, is positioned 57th in a similar table. In spite of having a lower GDP, Costa Rica gloats of 92% grown-up proficiency rate, contrasted with 85% in South Africa. Essentially, Life Longevity in Costa Rica is 13 years longer than in South African. Comparative variations, says (Grbich, 2012), can be discovered when contrasting Argentina, Chile, Poland, and Yugoslavia. File of Sustainable Economic Welfare (ISEW) The Daly-Cobb Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare (ISEW) is nearly a thorough pointer of a countries prosperity, as it considers the normal utilization of the country alongside its circulation and ecological debasement. Despite the fact that it has been actualized in the USA up until this point, according to (Takhar-Lail Ghorbani (ed), 2014), it is logically presenting alterations for utilization and a list for distributional imbalance. The creators have additionally taken in a few natural elements, including consumption of non-sustainable assets, loss of wetlands, loss of farmland and expenses of air and water contamination. To produce the results of long haul ecological harms, it likewise incorporates factors affecting an unnatural weather change and harm to the ozone layer, (Takhar-Lail Ghorbani (ed), 2014). In light of this procedure, government assistance per individual in the USA has been found to increment by 42% somewhere in the range of 1950 and 1976. In any case, the decade from 1977 to 1986 saw a decrease in the ISEW and it fell by more than 12 percent in this period, demonstrating a decrease in singular government assistance in the USA. The principle shortcoming of ISEW is the reliance of this technique on data which is recorded distinctly in barely any propelled countries. Information on air and water contamination and the accessibility of non-inexhaustible assets is accessible in a couple of creating nations just, (Grbich, 2012). A comparable downside is relevant to HDI, which faces absence of dependable information on future, which incredibly, is gathered once in 10 years in a significant number of the Third World nations, (Arthur, Waring, Coe Hedges (ed), 2012). References Arthur, J., Waring, M., Coe, R. what's more, Hedges, L.V. (ed). (2012). Research Methods and Methodologies in Education. London: SAGE. Grbich, C. (2012). Subjective Data Analysis: An Introduction. second ed. London: SAGE. Takhar-Lail, A. what's more, Ghorbani, A. (ed). (2014). Statistical surveying Methodologies: Multi-Method and Qualitative Approaches. Hershey, PA: IGI Global.

Work! Study! Party!

Work! Study! Gathering! This article is tied in with opening up your brain to the likelihood that you can work, study and gathering completely all alone from the solace of your home, fraternity house or weather beaten apartment. Truth be told, all you truly need to deal with the working part is a PC and a web association! Simply envision it. You bring in the cash you requirement for celebrating and dealing with yourself while building your expert resume completely all alone autonomously! No working in the cafeteria or slaving ceaselessly as a teacher’s helper so everything you can bear the cost of is the least expensive lager known to mankind! Welcome to the Future of Work Toward the beginning of August of 2013 oDesk declared that their online work environment arrived at the 1 billion dollar milestone. That's right, a large number of individuals (very little dissimilar to yourself) working from their own lives and at the speed of their own ways of life from around the globe helped oDesk procure 1 billion smackaroos! That’s nothing. At the present time as you read this the evaluated online workforce is worth 1 TRILLION. It’s so enormous and the commercial center has become so quick it’s hard to truly get any solid numbers on just yet†¦ Here’s a really genuine chunk however: â€Å"By 2018 online work is anticipated to be a $5B market.† Consider it. On the off chance that you claimed a major or little enterprise at the present time and saw workforces on the nearby level contracting and reeling under the ascent of 21st century innovation, wouldn’t you go to employing individuals on the web? 1. Worldwide access to gifted laborers 2. 24 hour efficiency 3. Super-quick and effective employing process Need we go on? Inside the year before discharging this data 2,389 distinctive attractive abilities were added to oDesk work environment. That’s just oDesk. At that point there’s Elance and numerous different new companies taking into account YOU! Giving you an approach to work with a PC from anyplace, whenever, and at any cost. Here’s the three stages to beginning. Set up Your Website! Indeed, you need a site. It’s the same than requiring a toothbrush, cell phone or a vehicle or some other present day innovation. A site has become a vital part to rich life. Regardless of whether you don’t own (have) your own at this moment, you as of now likely have sites set up in your name via web-based networking media profiles: Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn, and so forth. Don’t pay attention to it as well, similar to what to name it. The fact of the matter is to simply kick it off and think expertly. Your site will develop as you do however. Because you can post connects on your Twitter profile doesn’t mean you’re well informed. When you set up your own web stage and start developing it you gain proficiency with a master’s worth of web-aptitudes inside the primary year or two in any event, when you just use it inactively. Build up a Service Provider Profile Optimize It What administration would you be able to give by means of your PC? Name it. Make something new. There are a large number of current ranges of abilities to look over. There are tons of approaches to make dynamic and automated revenue online today. A lot more will be made in the following hardly any months from now as you read this. Here’s the stunt however: you have to pick only one to three things and spotlight on them. Don’t attempt to bring in cash 10 unique ways while likewise pursuing down a degree and a public activity. It won’t work. It may work for a brief period however in the long run you’ll bite the dust. Attempt to pick one expertise, for instance if you’re an English Major you could compose or alter things. In the event that you study math you could offer to adjust people’s books for them. Whatever. Along these lines, you’ve got your site as an afterthought building and afterward you set up a specialist co-op profile on oDesk-eLance or some other online work stage where individuals can employ you straightforwardly and you can start gathering details: occupations finished, logged hours (practically), surveys, criticism and tributes, a portfolio, and so forth. Streamline around your aptitudes so the individuals hoping to enlist you can discover you and do as such. Begin Building Your Digital Name At this moment, all that you do in life is building your name in both the genuine and virtual universes. Just Google your name to perceive what sort of essence you as of now order. After you understand how incredible your online conduct is, you can guide it like a transport and make any virtual persona around your name that you like. It’s going to happen in any case, so why not control it? You can start bringing in cash inside a couple of days to half a month. That’s the truth. It’s being done on by understudies on grounds everywhere throughout the world at this moment. Truth be told, there are most likely a few understudies around you who are as of now doing it. They set their own rates, work for who they need, do what they need and work when they need. Begin. Start effectively fabricating your image, pick a little arrangement of aptitudes or in a perfect world only one to concentrate on and start developing in computerized esteem. Furthermore, consistently watch out for what's to come!

Nucor at Crossroads Essay

In 1986, three particular portions characterized the U.S. steel industry; incorporated steel plants, smaller than normal factories, and claim to fame steel creators. The incorporated factories have the ability to deliver a limit of 107 million tons of steel for every year, smaller than expected plants created a limit of 21 million tons of limit a year, and the nation’s forte steel creators could create a most extreme limit of 5 million tons of impeccable and claim to fame evaluations of steel. This prompts an all out limit of 133 million tons of creation for every year. In 1986, the market expended just 70 million tons of steel, leaving 33 million tons unused. Nucor is at an intersection. It faces an immersed advertise experiencing huge overcapacity. Nucor’s just open door for development is by all accounts to venture into the creation of level sheet metal. Be that as it may, to contend here, Nucor would need to put resources into a hazardous new innovation, a slight pi ece throwing plant that, if fruitful, would permit Nucor to make level sheet metal with a low least effective scale and a low negligible expense of creation. This case will look at Nucor’s history, the effects of entering the slim piece throwing business, the focal points Nucor would harvest, and whether they should manufacture the new slight section throwing plant. Taking a gander at the business scene of the steel business, it is stunning to perceive how well Nucor has done considering the business is so serious and has generally low productivity. Utilizing Porter’s model, the risk of contention is high because of frail local interest, abundance worldwide limit, a developing industry, low exchanging costs, high leave obstructions, rising working costs (expanding crude material costs), and in excess of 5 similar contenders. The risk of section is low because of high obstructions to passage (economies of scale have been accomplished and high capital prerequisites), development and benefit are unobtrusive, best case scenario, and most reasonable competitors are as of now present in the business and are hoping to venture into different markets. The danger of substitutes is moderate since purchasers have the alternative of picking different materials (aluminum, plastics, pottery, and so on.), and new materials advances are at present being c reated and looked for after. The danger of providers is moderate since iron metal and scrap metal costs are at present high, vitality costs are expanding, Nucor pays for transportation of its crude materials to its plants, there is no simple substitute to replace iron mineral/piece metal, and there is as of now an excess of purchasers of scrap metal and iron metal. In conclusion, the danger of purchasers is powerless to direct, in light of the fact that there is overabundance limit, low exchanging costs, scarcely any high volume purchasers, many low volume clients, solid interest from China, and rising feedstock costs. With the troublesome business scene in the steel business, Nucor needed to create upper hands over its opponents to make its encouraging. These points of interest included separating itself by being an early adopter of electronic request following and permitting clients to make brief timeframe arranges therefore decreasing their stock. Second, it put resources into modernization of its plants at a normal of 2.9 occasions its devaluation costs versus an arrived at the midpoint of 1.6 of its rivals through the 1970s and 1980s, and revamped on normal a plant a year. Third, Nucor deliberately found its plants nearer together to share orders for insignificant expense and greatest deals, and building new plants in littler country regions with access to railways, low vitality costs, and an abundant water source permitted Nucor to keep work costs moderately low and ensured that COGS stayed serious. Fourth, base wages were lower yet motivations were higher than normal, and direct correspondence on desire versus execution gave input on remuneration. Likewise, during down occasions, officials and CEO pay dropped drastically while normal specialists didn't. This prompted lower worker turnover 1-5% versus 5-10% for contenders. Fifth, Nucor’s recruiting rehearses concentrated on ensuring that they concentrated on employing individuals dependent on potential, not experience. At last, Nucor’s business chain of command was diverse for the most part level, bringing about not so much organization but rather more profitability per specialist. To put it plainly, a significant number of these favorable circumstances prompted Nucor turning into the second most profitable steel producer per representative on the planet due by 1985. Slim piece throwing was a proposed method for small scale plants to take care of requests for level sheet steel, a fragment that represented roughly 50% of the U.S. steel industry. To extend its steel piece of the overall industry, Nucor expected to enter the level sheet section. In the meager chunk throwing business, Nucor would at first rival global firms from Canada and Japan that gave top notch level sheet steel, and modest level sheet steel suppliers in recently industrialized countries. Boundaries to passage would incorporate enormous capital uses making new participants cost restrictive, however not feasible as the hindrance is little similar to the general expenses for steel fabricating. While new opponents may not spring up quickly, new participants from existing adversaries will weaken Nucor’s upper hand. Nucor required an imaginative innovation to be productive in this portion as another contestant. In any case, inventive innovations are hazardous because of improvement costs, obscure long haul working expenses, and the obscure nature of future items. Likewise, as a first mover, expanded costs will be figured it out. Expanded upkeep above estimates, the hazard that creation won't stay up with the little scope model, the hazard that the new tech won't be completely comprehended by the representatives and harder to run. Additionally, an improved probability that different organizations will profit by their missteps as SMS has not made any proposal to keep data gathered from an enormous scope activity secret. Be that as it may, the advantages of being a first time mover would be acknowledged also. The normal benefit from the slight piece minimill would be $81.50 per ton, which is 26% higher than from a modernized hot moved sheet delivered in a coordinated plant and 226% higher than the edge from an unmodernized incorporated plant. For cold moved sheet, the normal benefit advantage stays with minimills, with a normal benefit of $107.50 per ton, which 1.9% more prominent than a modernized incorporated plant and 115% higher than an unmodernized coordinated factory. In the event that Nucor enters the slim section throwing business the enduring points of interest might be diminished after some time as others in the business may impersonate them inasmuch as the model is demonstrated to convey the focused on results. In the event that Nucor works out the crimps, at that point different organizations will sign up and the upper hand window will recoil, making the general plan excessively exorbitant. On the off chance that the program doesn't work, it is likely different organizations won't go with the same pattern, while Nucor pays the expense for different organizations â€Å"R&D† offsite. Be that as it may, if the speculation into the new innovation demonstrates effective, Nucor would have a noteworthy cos t investment funds over coordinated plants at first, both as far as passage costs and as far as working expenses and overall revenue. This will give Nucor a huge upper hand over the coordinated factories, which as of now give level moved steel items, however won't give economical upper hand over the long haul, as it will be simple for contenders to copy this innovation. A considerable lot of the organizations that do steel would mimic the way that Nucor is taking. They have worked superbly of bringing down expense while utilizing their upper hands. Besides, CSP is a stage in a definitive industry objective of direct throwing of sheet at strip. Be that as it may, it appears just as Nucor would just increase a head beginning of a few years since SMS held the CSP innovation and Nucor couldn’t square others from utilizing it. This head start doesn’t appear to be exceptionally beneficial as it would require right around 5 years to break (see joined graph) even and different organizations would have the option to utilize exercises gained from Nucor’s first mover and apply it to bring down their breakeven point. Generally speaking this would be a dangerous endeavor for Nucor to embrace as of now as the innovation isn't at a satisfactory tech status level, the underlying expense to execute, just as it could move Nucor away from its upper hands.

Compare The Tattooing Practice Between Japan And Russia - 2750 Words

Compare The Tattooing Practice Between Japan And Russia (Essay Sample) Content: TattoosNameInstitution AffiliationThe culture of Japanese people and Russians vary in a number of ways. These two countries however share a similar practice of tattooing which is performed by individuals to symbolise different statuses and beliefs. This therefore arises the urge to study these two sets of culture to reveal these differences and understand the meaning of the various traditions carried out by the inhabitants of these countries. Tattoos refers to the markings that are engraved on a persons skin with indelible ink mostly to represent the persons attitude towards life and can be passed on from generation to generation as a tradition. One of the main reasons why most people engage in this practice is to symbolise their status of criminality and perverseness in society. In japan for instance, the Yakuzas who are believed to be the most notorious people in the country and the worst feared, practice the art of whole body tattooing as a way of showing their com mitment to the criminal life. In the book Education: Growing Up in a Criminal Underworld criminality does not always mean that the individuals engage in violent and harmful acts, it is depicted differently as a way that people in the community choose to live by the rules that have been passed out by other members of the society rather than honouring and abiding by state laws. The novel YakuzaMoon: Memoirs of a Gangster's Daughter opens us up to the kind of life that people who have a disposition to crime live. The main character is exposed as a person who tries to rebel against the values of the society where she is brought up by tattooing her body and living a life of crime. She takes all manner of drugs including meth and enjoys her new status where she partners with other notorious people and lives the gangster affiliated lifestyle. She even loses her virginity to one of the gangsters which is an indication of the horrible kind of life that she has chosen.In both Japan and Russia convicted offenders in jails and prisons are fond of practicing tattooing to indicate their loyalty to certain gangs and their hard-core status in criminal endeavours. Many individuals in jails and prisons have ink markings in their body with words or signs engraved that identifies them to certain popular gangs. In Japan for example, loyal members of the yakuza gang have ink markings on their body which are referred to as irezumis that differentiates them and set them apart from other gangs. In prison, these members usually stay together and support each other when there is threat to overcome their enemies. Rivalry among gangs is present as they try to compete for followers and other resources in prison such as drugs and mates. In Russia, this situation is also depicted in prisons and gang affiliations are predominant. Gangs such as the Solntsevskaya Bratva are so widespread across the countrys prisons and the members have tattoos in various parts of the body that acts as a symbol of their identity (Lambert Christ, 2003) Tattoos are viewed as items of honour and a person who accomplishes a given mission is awarded this prestigious item as a way of conferring them a higher and more respected rank. In both Japan and Russia, gang members usually follow a certain code and all members are expected to abide by it. An individual who acts contrary to this code is punished and any ranks conferred can be withdrawn. One of the ways in which this is done is through the removal of a previously awarded prestigious tattoo through painful ways. The main reason behind using painful ways that could even disfigure the skin is to discourage people from deviating from the specified codes and practices of the gang. The Solntsevskaya Bratva for instance punishes individuals who snitch on the activities of the gang to the police or even other gangs.In both cultures, the practice of punishing individuals through forceful tattooing grew and thrived. In Japan, punishment by tattooing which is referred to as Bokukei, bokkei was a very common practice. Individuals who refused to abide by the laws of the gang or the rules that had been set out were tattooed on the face for humiliation. In the Edo period inhabitants of Hiroshima had passed out a policy where perpetrators of certain crimes such as theft and burglary would have their faces tattooed as a corporal punishment (Tendō, 2007). Three strikes or an x mark would be engraved on the face of the perpetrator so that the public would be made aware of the criminal capabilities of the individual. In Russia, the Russian mafia also used this practice to those who broke the code of conduct or sided with the authorities. Also, snitches were handed the same punishment in order to humiliate them and make them pay for their unallowable activities. This would also serve to warn others and deter them from acting in a similar way lest they suffer the same fate.In both of these cultures, wearing unearned tattoos is a crime and punishment is meted to any person who uses some tattoos that are supposed to be of a higher ranker than his. In Russia, anyone found wearing an unearned tattoo could have the tattoo removed and punished for example through thorough beatings and at times rape. In Japan, the Yakuzas also have a conduct that restricts individuals from wearing tattoos which they do not have title to. Punishment is meted through beatings or removal of the tattoo through uncomfortable means. The main reason behind this is to warn people and ensure gang members respect title, authority and rank that is above them and which dictates the dos and donts of the gang. The idea is to show that respect among members should be a top priority and one should give the appropriate respect to people of a higher rank.Another similarity between Russian and Japanese tattoos is the use of these body markings to represent something that has meaning. As evidenced in the movie The Mark of Cain by Alix Lambert, a convicted prisoner explains that every tattoo needs to have a meaning. One cannot just mark his body to represent nothing. Certain tattoos identifies the kind of felony that the prisoner has been convicted of such as a skull which shows that the person is a murderer and a cross to show that the person is a thief in the law. The Yakuzas of Japan also have tattoos that are engraved to show the type of crime committed and show where one is a repeat offender for certain crimes. In the past, the government of Japan had introduced a practice where convicted prisoners in jail would be tattooed so that upon their release, members of the public would be able made aware of the persons criminal record.Another similarity between tattooing in Japan and Russia revolves around the illegality of practicing body tattooing in prisons. In both Russia and Japan, it is illegal to carry out tattooing in prisons. For this reason, inmates who are addicted to the practice are forced to device their own methods in or der to continue the practice. These methods are thought to be unsafe as they usually involve use of blades, wires and other improvised equipment with no sterilisation material. Since there is no ink in prison, inmates who tattoo usually use molten rubber or melted plastic to create these body impressions. Most criminals in prisons continue with the act of body tattooing even when in prison to document their life experiences while in prison.A number of differences also exist between these two cultures. One of the major differences that can be noted is the design of tattoos. Traditional Japanese tattoos were mainly animal art such as tigers, snakes and dragons. The designs are also colourful and are usually very elaborate. The designs cover a huge proportion of the body and could extend to cover the whole body. Different types of ink are used to decorate the markings on the body such as orange, red, purple and green, this use of different colours makes these Japanese tattoos appear br ight and decorated. On the other hand, Russian tattoos cover a small proportion of the body and the markings are relatively smaller compared to that of their Japanese counterparts. The tattoos could be words such as the name of the gang or symbols to show affiliation to a particular gang (Lilin Hunt, 2011) The tattoos could also be symbols such as a cross or a skull that shows the crime or felony that has been committed by the individual. Russian tattoos are not very coloured and normally a single colour is used therefore making these tattoos dull compared to those of the Japanese.Another difference regards the perception of the general public towards these body impressions. In Japan, the traditional Japanese tattoos are viewed as sign of barbaric attitude towards life and people with such tattoos are believed to be members of a crime syndicate and are therefore feared. The Yakuzas who have these tattoos are a large gang that have been known to engage in organized crime such as rob bery, kidnappings and even murder. Individuals with traditional tattoos are feared to be related to this cartel and people therefore look at such people with scorn. Where an individual is noticed wearing such a tattoo, they may even be barred from accessing some public facilities such as swimming pools or public gyms (VICE, 2016). In Russia, the level of dislike towards people with tattoos is much less because different people use tattooing for varied reasons. Due to western civilization and its deep rootedness in Russia, many people do not always think that the wearers of tattoos are gang members or gang affiliated since the art of tattooing is well established and even young people have embraced this culture for fashion.Another major difference between these two cultures pertains the equipment used in tattooing. In Japan, the method used is mainly manual since the person tatt...

Dog pen construction instructions - 2750 Words

Dog pen construction instructions (Article Sample) Content: Name Professor Subject Date Dog’s pen construction guide
Figure 5: Complete outside run with a wooden pen. (Source:  HYPERLINK "/gear-accessories/how-to-design-the-perfect-dog-kennel/" /gear-accessories/how-to-design-the-perfect-dog-kennel/) Every pet deserves a roof over its head. A dog pen helps the dog feel comfortable and keep safe. The structure also serves as a home or a castle for the pet, a private place for rest without the need to watch their back. More so, dogs are social beings, probably the most sociable animal in any home. Numerous dog keepers let their pets free in their compound, yet there are surely times they should limit them. Puppies have a tendency to expend everything that falls along their way, which inclines them to illnesses, and, in this way, they have to limit them. Moreover, the pet owners may travel once in a while, and dogs ought to be left controlled in their pens. What is the ideal location for the pen? This is the most important step when building a dog pen. The location determines the final design and the materials used in the construction of the pen. The spot picked will contribute specifically to the outline of the structure and impact the decision of materials and strategies for development in delivering the last item. A dog pen built far from the house will have diverse components when contrasted with a pen associated with the proprietor's home.  SHAPE \* MERGEFORMAT 
Figure 1: Location choice for pen ( HYPERLINK "http://dogsaholic.com/care/how-to-build-a-dog-pen.html" http://dogsaholic.com/care/how-to-build-a-dog-pen.html) The Ideal location is chosen by considering ; lighting in case security lighting is needed, proximity to water sources for ease of access, ease of cleaning , safety and security reasons (Stevenburg). What materials and tools are needed? Materials and tools include ; Circular saw or hand saw, power drill and bits, electric jigsaw, a claw hammer, spanner, a pair of pliers, a measuring tape or ruler and pencil, carpenter’s square, exterior grade plywood sheets, wooden frames, treated pine, Silicone sealant and construction grade adhesive, boltsclout nails and insulation, galvanized nails and Iron or steel mesh wire, Screw gun door Hinges, wooden posts each measuring 2 inches wide.
Whar are the measurements, construction plan, and features? The run for outside dogs should measure 12 feet or more in length and 4 feet in width. These dimensions will allow the dog to defecate and urinate naturally on the periphery of the run. The pen run must be slanted to permit free water keep running off to abstain from running puddles (Lawson). A dry well, which is 48 inches wide and 3 feet deep, is located at the far end must be filled with stones that are 3-4 inches in diameter. This will drain wash water thus keeping off flies. The floor should be made of concrete or wood. Other alternative materials include the gravel, which, though les s expensive makes cleaning up of feces on the floor quite difficult. The walls of the kennel should be made of the plywood sheets and roofing made of iron sheets to ensure no leakage of rain water.
Use chain linking for fencing of the outside pen. It is easy to install, cheap, durable and efficient to use. The fence should be buried 1 foot under the soil to prevent the pet from escaping. To enhance security, both sides can be screened off all other sides (Stevenburg). Placing privacy slats on the fence is helpful in cutting down the overall stress and barking. Welded wire with powder coating should be considered because it is resistant to dog teeth and urine. The initial installation may be higher as compared to other fencing options. Its resistance to rust and water makes chain linking a viable option. The living environment must be maintained, clean and comfortable since dogs will spend most of their time training for outside run. Shading of the pen is constructed using suitab le material. Dogs require enough shading from harsh weather elements such as rain, water and drought. Windbreakers and durable roof should be installed. Dogs withstand certain levels of cold, but excess rains and winds can be detrimental to a pet’s health (Lawson). This can be achieved by installing elevated coat which plays a huge role in preventing the pets from freezing. Another shaded area for the dog in addition to the pen is required. The pen should not be located in the corner to avoid cases of the dog using the pen’s roof as a launching pad to jump over. It is preferable to place it few meters from the corner. What is the estimated Cost and time needed? It is advisable to lease the tools required for the construction. Dog owners should only purchase consumables such as nails, hinges, chain linking fences, chicken wire, building material such as cement, sand, iron sheets and gravel. Leasing or borrowing the tools would reduce the total cost by 70%. Item Qua ntity Unit PriceTotal costRoofing galvanized iron sheets  2 Meters$10$20Chicken wire10 M Long$4$406 wooden posts 2 Meters long each$1$1Hinges3 Hinges$1$1Nails1 Kilogram$5$5Door1$10$10Mortar(Mixed cement, gravel and sand ) for flooring4 Wheelbarrows $25$100Labor2 Workers( trained and untrained)$200+$100$300Grand Total $477 Instructions Step 1: The first step is to measure and mark the desired area for installing the pen. Spots designated to be corners are marked using stakes as well as the gate spot. The pet’s size and the amount of resources available determine the size of the pen. The amount of time spent by a dog in the house will impact the size of the pen. Kennels for confining the dogs for only night hours or sleeping hours are not big (Alstrain). Step 2: After marking the desired spots, holes are dug; they should be 2 feet deep and 3-5 inches in diameter for each corner. Two diagonal holes for the kennel’s gate are dug.
Figure 3: A chart illustrating the recommended measurements of different sizes of dogs (Source: http://dogsaholic.com/care/how-to-build-a-dog-pen.html) Step 3: Cement is poured into the holes, and the mortar should follow mixing instructions on the bag. Wooden fence posts are then installed in the holes, when the cement is still wet. Step 4: The Precut wooden posts, purchased at wood supply stores, are installed. The posts selected must meet the desired height of the pen. Step 5: After installation of the corner posts, the chicken wire is laid along the perimeter of the pen. The bricks can be used to hold chicken wire in place to prevent the pet from digg...