Fathers and Sons by Ivan Turgenev

Fathers and Sons by Ivan Turgenev During the discussion, several articles were presented to the class. The subjects brought to light were the Russian economy during the 1850s, serfdom, and the question of whether Turgenev was obsolete or not. The articles on the Russian economy explained the state of transition the Russian economy was in during the mid-1850s. Prior to this period, there were members of the society called serfs. These were essentially slaves who worked on the fields of rich peasants, or the upper class.However, at this time Russia began to move away from serfdom. After this discussion, it would appear Turgenev places great importance on the time, place, and culture of his novel, as serfdom and the existence of social classes are a predominant feature in Fathers and Sons. I found this discussion interesting, as it clarified some aspects of the novel. For example, in Fathers and Sons, Nikolai is a relatively well off land owner, and he ‘owns’ many serfs.How ever, as the system begins to evolve, the serfs and their owners have some trouble adjusting to the new system of land ownership. The serfs are misbehaved and irresponsible, and these aspects of the culture and context form the setting of the novel. The article on the ‘Turgenev Question’ was interesting as well, because it highlighted some of Turgenev’s techniques, and what he’s famous for. According to the article, the art of Turgenev is in understatement: he manages to capture large philosophical, social, and historical movements as manifested in everyday life.This can indeed be seen in Fathers and Sons. Turgenev paints a picture of commonplace Russian life with characters like Nikolai Arkady, Pavel, Bazarov and Fenichka, using barely any overly dramatic devices. Yet, through the characters’ thoughts and interactions with each other Turgenev explores ideas such as familial relationships. Furthermore, he portrays other aspects of Russian life, incl uding the wide gap between social classes and the idea of young people rejecting all authorities.

Economics †Frictional and Structural Unemployment Essay

This assignment mainly compares and contrasts the two broad categories of unemployment which are Structural and Frictional unemployment. The type of unemployment which has a greater impact on economy will also be identified and the reasons for this phenomenon will also be discussed. Frictional Unemployment The short term unemployment in an economy refers to frictional unemployment which is present due to normal market adjustments. The factors contributing to the hindrances of employment in frictional unemployment are business adjustments, imperfections of market information that are imperfect or the individual’s preferences for employment are much higher than available. Those people are frictionally unemployed who do not have jobs in the market with wages of current market level; these jobs are within reasonable reach and are suited to their skills (Gilpatrick, 1966). However, this type of unemployment is not long-term. Frictional unemployment can be removed without any increase in aggregate demand and in a short period of time. There are jobs available for those who are unemployed, under this type of unemployment, but the workers are not aware of other opportunities, they require time to readjust to business changes or they choose to wait for other job opportunities. The assumptions of frictional unemployment are that labor productivity, state of technology and the skills of labor force remain constant in the short term (Gilpatrick, 1966). Structural Unemployment Structural unemployment occurs because of the structural changes in the economy or the business processes of the related businesses. This type of unemployment is encountered in the long run and sometimes could arise without any changes in the demand. The composition of final demand, technological advancements and shifts in the locations of industries are the main structural shifts that affect the labor and skill requirement. If the labor force is capable of adapting to the new environment, there will be no problems. Those who are not able to adapt, they get unemployed because either their skills are no longer required in the industry or their skills are non-transferable to other occupations (Gilpatrick, 1966). The basic changes responsible for structural unemployment are in final demand of product mix and in technology. However, when there is exhaustion of resources locally, the industries can move out to other geographical regions which cause structural unemployment. When there is a change in technology, no increase in skills of the labor will provide employment for those who were displaced. Those who do not have the skills required to get employed are said to be structurally unemployed (Gilpatrick, 1966). Differences between the Two Types of Unemployment The key difference in the two type of unemployment is that in the structural unemployment, the unemployment is caused by the mismatch of specific labor skills supply and demand, whereas in frictional unemployment, there is no such mismatch. Another key difference is that the structural unemployment is long term whereas the frictional unemployment takes only a short period to get eliminated, given other things constant. Impact on Economy Structural unemployment has a higher impact on the economy as this type of unemployment can trigger a higher level of inflation when the demand of the products gets higher. The structural unemployment can get the industries disappear from the economy which are no longer require or if the labor does not have the skills required. This is a long term unemployment which also increases the impact as the unemployed labor does not contribute to the economy. Frictional unemployment on the other hand is a short term phenomenon which is eliminated in a short period of time. This is not as bad for the economy as the skills required in the industry are present with the workers and they will find their desired work shortly. References Gilpatrick, E. (1966). ON THE CLASSIFICATION OF UNEMPLOYMENT: A VIEW OF THE STRUCTURAL-INADEQUATE DEMAND DEBATE. Industrial & Labor Relations Review, 19(2), 201-212. Retrieved from Business Source Complete database.

Corporate Communications Strategies Research Paper

Corporate Communications Strategies - Research Paper Example Since corporate communication is continually evolving, it is imperative the corporate communication strategies used by organizations be up to date, strategic and effective in meeting an organization’s strategic objectives. This research paper investigates the corporate communication strategies employed by organizations that focus on enhancing organizational corporate strategies and goals, and further evaluates the corporate communication functions and channels that enhance such strategies in communicating with different stakeholders such as employees, shareholders, customers, suppliers, among others. Furthermore, the paper analyses the role and significance of corporate communication strategies focusing on corporate reputation, corporate identity and crisis management. 1.1 Corporate Communication Overview and Definition Hasanbegovic (2011, pp. 39) defines corporate communication as goal oriented activities which involve managing all external and internal communications within an organization, aimed at placing an organization in favorable light with its stakeholders. This definition is supported by Hawabhay, Abratt and Peters (2009, pp.12) who in their research note that corporate communication encompasses both external and internal communication channels that align organizational strategic objectives. Such communication need to be systematically integrated in order to prevent a fragmented and blurred image of the company. Various scholars have looked at the link between corporate communication and corporate strategy, concluding that organizations have the ability to develop a competitive advantage not only through the use of organizational resources effectively to achieve desired outcomes, but also through managing communication among different stakeholders in a company aimed at molding the perception and interpretations of the organizational stakeholders (Halliburton & Ziegfeld, 2009; Forman & Argenti, 2005; Hawabhay, Abratt, & Peters, 2009). Such commu nication also helps form long term relationships with the key stakeholders who shape the organisation’s reputation and image. Corporate communication strategies have mainly been linked to organization’s reputation building. Forman and Argenti (2005, pp. 248) makes this connection noting that the primary role of corporate communication is to develop and enhance the organization’s reputation, thereby creating a competitive advantage for the firm as the firm reduces the firm’s transactions. Corporate reputation defined as the ‘perceptual representation of the company that defines the overall appeal of the organization to the key stakeholders relative to other rival companies (Hasnbegovic, 2011, pp. 39), is clearly a central focus in any corporate communication strategy. From the above definition it can be noted that in order to develop and maintain a favorable corporate reputation, then corporate communications are directed at influencing the perceptio ns of different stakeholders on how an organization is viewed. This clearly implies therefore, that the central purpose of corporate communication function in an organization is to manage the impression of a company’s stakeholders on order to enhance the reputation of the

Significant Importance of E-Commerce Security Research Paper

Significant Importance of E-Commerce Security - Research Paper Example In today’s dynamic world companies spent heavily on their IT departments for the technical support to smoothly run their e-commerce activities. Companies even develop e-commerce strategies to reduce the  cost of the business, expand sales and increase customer services and satisfaction in the long run. (Ghosh, 2001; Khosrowpour, 2004; Smith, 2004) The introduction of e-commerce into businesses has widened the scope of all business activities. Due to increasing use of e-commerce by the businesses and customers, it is now essential to provide a secure structure of e-commerce. Unfortunately, the current internet security policies don’t support these needs. In order to gain a competitive edge in the market company needs to adopt a security policy which caters the needs of everyone involved in the e-commerce process. (Al-Slamy, 2008) The businesses operating widely over e-commerce don’t want to lose their customers due to risks involved in using online services. Sol id security measures are now needed to run the businesses effectively and safely. (Oswald, 2005) E-Commerce in Organizations: In most organizations e-commerce total security programs are installed to protect firm’s resources and e-commerce operations. Such programs are necessary for e-commerce survival and their effectiveness in the organization. Such programs are kept updated and management practices and latest technologies are incorporated from time to time. (Khosrowpour, 2004) E-commerce is widely used for many business purposes like product research, order entry; customer’s related matters like support, services, communication, inquiry, invoicing etc., outbound and inbound logistics. E-commerce has revolutionized not only businesses but every aspect of life - the world is now a click away. (Smith, 2004) E-commerce system and related threats: Developing an e-commerce system is a challenging and crucial step to any organization. The initial process would be to conduc t a research regarding the importance of e-commerce program to the organization and impact of e-commerce on the long-term profitability. Leadership and commitment to upper management in the implementation of the e-commerce is essential. The next step is developing a privacy policy for the organization that outlines privacy issues, the sensitivity of information and purchasing guidelines. The next step would be to assess risks imposed by the system regarding its security, both internally and externally. It is often seen that identifying internal threats is difficult compared to external ones. For the purpose, many software packages are available and are installed in order to ensure that the system is safeguarded against the internal and external threats. (Khosrowpour, 2004; Epstein, 2004) An organization can face many problems due to poor security in e-commerce systems. An e-commerce continuity plan is extremely important which provides the outline to deal and prevent any problems in the system. The basic security step is the use of anti-virus programs and firewalls installation. The risks usually faced by an e-commerce system include loss of data due to fire or explosion or any other accident, intentional destruction and theft of hardware and software or important documents, loss of key e-commerce security personnel, loss of communication, vendors and technology etc.  

The Strategic Plan for Kudler Fine Food Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Strategic Plan for Kudler Fine Food - Essay Example Once the company operations have been stream-lined and costs have been reduced, we will proceed with the implementation and launch of the web-based Catering service. To achieve operational excellence, the SAP Business ONE solution will be configured and deployed in the organization. This all in one solution will allow KFF to manage its accounting and financials, purchasing and operations, and most importantly better manage its supply chain and product inventory. To reduce up-front and maintenance cost, the company will use the SAP solution on a monthly subscription-based model. This eliminates the required up-front capital and transforms it in a monthly operational cost. The chosen service provider is Attenda as it offers a fully managed hosted SAP Business One solution at a competitive price with 24x7 customer support. 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 0001000400000000009302210220da0800040000002d010000030000000000 The following section describes the action plan required for meeting the above stated objectives. This action plan implements the described strategy. Action Plan The following table lists the actions, milestones, and

Cathay Pacific Airways - China or the World Essay

Cathay Pacific Airways - China or the World - Essay Example Currently, Cathay Pacific Airlines is providing services over 90 destinations, carrying 15 million passengers each year. After the acquisition of 100 percent holding in Dragonair, the Hong Kong-based carrier – the biggest airlines serving the mainland China, outside the mainland, Cathay will bring Dragonair also in the fold of Oneworld alliance on meeting the delivery conditions and support of other alliance members. It is a founder member of Oneworld alliance of ten member airlines. The alliance has a combined network of 700 destinations. Cathay Pacific also code-shares with Oneworld partners -- American Airlines, British Airways, Iberia and Qantas. The question before Cathay Pacific is to either opt for strategic alliances that can develop the mainland market or instead of concentrating on mainland market it should serve the global market. After entering into a conditional agreement on 8 June 2006 of Cathay Pacific with Air China, CNAC Limited, CITIC Pacific and SPAC, parties have agreed to restructure holdings in Cathay and Dragonair and Cathay acquisition of additional shares in Air China. According to the agreement becoming unconditional, Dragonair will become a fully owned subsidiary of Cathay, Air China will become a major shareholder of Cathay, and Cathay will increase its holding in Air China. Reasons for the transaction were that Dragonair was not performing well and was not availing the benefits of economies of scale. This investment in one another’s holdings will help in findings means to improve service, offering, network and growth of Chinese aviation industry. The international connectivity of Cathay and mainly, Hong Kong-China network of Dragonair will not only benefit both airlines, it will better Cathay’s network reach, linking it to China and connecting China to the rest of the world. This transaction will further help in developing Beijing Capital International Airport and Hong Kong International Airport, turning into gateways and hub for mainland China and aviation industry of both Hong Kong and China.  Ã‚  

Nutrition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 7

Nutrition - Essay Example cosylation of tissue proteins due to persistent exposure to high glucose concentrations and the accumulation of larger quantities of sorbitol (a reduced product of glucose) in tissues are believed to be causative in the pathological changes of diabetes. The concentration of glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) is taken as an index of protein glycosylation: it reflects the state of glycaemia over the preceding 2-3 months ("What is Diabetes?"). Two major types of diabetes are- Type I or insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), juvenile onset diabetes mellitus, which is caused due to the destruction of ÃŽ ²- cells of pancreatic islets, majority of the cases are autoimmune (type 1A) antibodies that destroy ÃŽ ²-cells and are detectable in blood. In all type I cases circulating insulin levels are low or very low and patients are more prone to ketosis. However this is less prevalent and has low degree of genetic predisposition ("What is Diabetes?"). Nutrition plays the most imperative part in our well being, as it directly relates to the physical and mental growth and development. Lack of proper and appropriate diet as well as deficiency of important and essential components results in malnutrition and hence result in overweight or underweight or some deficiency disorder. Diabetes is a condition where nutrition plays a vital role in the management. A well balanced and appropriate amount of nutrition helps in management of the condition by keeping the blood glucose level close to the normal value, thereby preventing the progress of diabetes to the higher level. Diet aids in management of the condition by avoiding medication dependence. A high-quality nutrition required by the diabetics involves eating a large variety of foods categorized under various heads as meal plan, a guide that enables one to understand the kind as well as quantity of food to be consumed in diabetes. For diabetics healthy diet is considered to have 40% to 60% calories that come from the carbohydrates,

The Issues Associated with Road Congestion Research Proposal

The Issues Associated with Road Congestion - Research Proposal Example Road traffic congestion is a situation that is characterized by a high number of vehicles on a road that leads to low speed and longer time taken for a trip, road congestion has its negative effects on both the owners of vehicles and also to the environment, some of these negative effects include pollution, increased economic costs, stress, and time wastage and increased health hazards to the individuals. Traffic congestion increases the time used for a certain trip, this means that the vehicles will be more likely to emit more pollutant gases into the atmosphere as compared to travel where there is less traffic. Pollution includes both air and sound pollution, air pollution will degrade the environment and some of these minerals are emitted which degrades the environment include sulfur, lead and carbon dioxide. Once the environment is degraded by these gases it poses some health hazards such as acid rain which may cause damage to property and also skin cancer. Global warming is the major environmental effect that is associated with pollution, it is the current issue of concern and traffic congestion can be linked as a source of global warming. In times of traffic snarl-ups too much is wasted that could have been used to conduct other economic activities, many business opportunities are lost due to this inefficiency caused by traffic congestion, it can also be associated with causing lateness to a person who may be urgently needed somewhere, it may also hamper emergency cases such as ambulances may be unable to reach hospitals on time causing even loss of lives.

Research the economic impact on India in the world Economy over the Essay

Research the economic impact on India in the world Economy over the last twenty years - Essay Example Agriculture is the most important of them and many of the Indian people make a living out of it. (â€Å"The Indian Economy†) The average per capita income has risen from .25 percent before 1980 to 7 percent by 2006 (â€Å"The economy survey of India 2007†). The growth trend in the Indian economy has brought about many changes in the policy that has opened the economy to foreign trade and significantly low tax rates, direct taxes rates and government influence over majority of investment decision. However, a lot can still be achieved and the growth potential can be increased. Though India’s growth has been well for the past two decades, however, it is not distributed evenly across industries and states. The information and communication technology industry have become highly competitive in the world market, this is because of the high skill levels of Indian IT professional and also many are also required abroad for their knowledge that they have in various fields such as software, engineering and financial sector (â€Å"The Indian Economy†). On the other hand, manufacturing industries have felt behind and improved their performance and outcome only recently. There is a requirement for further institutional reforms, which should, focus on product and labour market at the central and state level (â€Å"The economy survey of India 2007†, 2007). When we compare India’s economy in regards to the currency rate with the United States then it stands at twelfth position. (â€Å"The Indian Economy†) The service industry at present is increasingly and as the young Indians are now getting more comfortable with the English language, it is becoming a focal point for outsourcing activities from major economies such as the United States and the United Kingdom. Customer service and Technical support is the two main outsource activities. One of the important factors for economy growth in developing and developed countries is of the competition