Dog pen construction instructions - 2750 Words

Dog pen construction instructions (Article Sample) Content: Name Professor Subject Date Dog’s pen construction guide
Figure 5: Complete outside run with a wooden pen. (Source:  HYPERLINK "/gear-accessories/how-to-design-the-perfect-dog-kennel/" /gear-accessories/how-to-design-the-perfect-dog-kennel/) Every pet deserves a roof over its head. A dog pen helps the dog feel comfortable and keep safe. The structure also serves as a home or a castle for the pet, a private place for rest without the need to watch their back. More so, dogs are social beings, probably the most sociable animal in any home. Numerous dog keepers let their pets free in their compound, yet there are surely times they should limit them. Puppies have a tendency to expend everything that falls along their way, which inclines them to illnesses, and, in this way, they have to limit them. Moreover, the pet owners may travel once in a while, and dogs ought to be left controlled in their pens. What is the ideal location for the pen? This is the most important step when building a dog pen. The location determines the final design and the materials used in the construction of the pen. The spot picked will contribute specifically to the outline of the structure and impact the decision of materials and strategies for development in delivering the last item. A dog pen built far from the house will have diverse components when contrasted with a pen associated with the proprietor's home.  SHAPE \* MERGEFORMAT 
Figure 1: Location choice for pen ( HYPERLINK "http://dogsaholic.com/care/how-to-build-a-dog-pen.html" http://dogsaholic.com/care/how-to-build-a-dog-pen.html) The Ideal location is chosen by considering ; lighting in case security lighting is needed, proximity to water sources for ease of access, ease of cleaning , safety and security reasons (Stevenburg). What materials and tools are needed? Materials and tools include ; Circular saw or hand saw, power drill and bits, electric jigsaw, a claw hammer, spanner, a pair of pliers, a measuring tape or ruler and pencil, carpenter’s square, exterior grade plywood sheets, wooden frames, treated pine, Silicone sealant and construction grade adhesive, boltsclout nails and insulation, galvanized nails and Iron or steel mesh wire, Screw gun door Hinges, wooden posts each measuring 2 inches wide.
Whar are the measurements, construction plan, and features? The run for outside dogs should measure 12 feet or more in length and 4 feet in width. These dimensions will allow the dog to defecate and urinate naturally on the periphery of the run. The pen run must be slanted to permit free water keep running off to abstain from running puddles (Lawson). A dry well, which is 48 inches wide and 3 feet deep, is located at the far end must be filled with stones that are 3-4 inches in diameter. This will drain wash water thus keeping off flies. The floor should be made of concrete or wood. Other alternative materials include the gravel, which, though les s expensive makes cleaning up of feces on the floor quite difficult. The walls of the kennel should be made of the plywood sheets and roofing made of iron sheets to ensure no leakage of rain water.
Use chain linking for fencing of the outside pen. It is easy to install, cheap, durable and efficient to use. The fence should be buried 1 foot under the soil to prevent the pet from escaping. To enhance security, both sides can be screened off all other sides (Stevenburg). Placing privacy slats on the fence is helpful in cutting down the overall stress and barking. Welded wire with powder coating should be considered because it is resistant to dog teeth and urine. The initial installation may be higher as compared to other fencing options. Its resistance to rust and water makes chain linking a viable option. The living environment must be maintained, clean and comfortable since dogs will spend most of their time training for outside run. Shading of the pen is constructed using suitab le material. Dogs require enough shading from harsh weather elements such as rain, water and drought. Windbreakers and durable roof should be installed. Dogs withstand certain levels of cold, but excess rains and winds can be detrimental to a pet’s health (Lawson). This can be achieved by installing elevated coat which plays a huge role in preventing the pets from freezing. Another shaded area for the dog in addition to the pen is required. The pen should not be located in the corner to avoid cases of the dog using the pen’s roof as a launching pad to jump over. It is preferable to place it few meters from the corner. What is the estimated Cost and time needed? It is advisable to lease the tools required for the construction. Dog owners should only purchase consumables such as nails, hinges, chain linking fences, chicken wire, building material such as cement, sand, iron sheets and gravel. Leasing or borrowing the tools would reduce the total cost by 70%. Item Qua ntity Unit PriceTotal costRoofing galvanized iron sheets  2 Meters$10$20Chicken wire10 M Long$4$406 wooden posts 2 Meters long each$1$1Hinges3 Hinges$1$1Nails1 Kilogram$5$5Door1$10$10Mortar(Mixed cement, gravel and sand ) for flooring4 Wheelbarrows $25$100Labor2 Workers( trained and untrained)$200+$100$300Grand Total $477 Instructions Step 1: The first step is to measure and mark the desired area for installing the pen. Spots designated to be corners are marked using stakes as well as the gate spot. The pet’s size and the amount of resources available determine the size of the pen. The amount of time spent by a dog in the house will impact the size of the pen. Kennels for confining the dogs for only night hours or sleeping hours are not big (Alstrain). Step 2: After marking the desired spots, holes are dug; they should be 2 feet deep and 3-5 inches in diameter for each corner. Two diagonal holes for the kennel’s gate are dug.
Figure 3: A chart illustrating the recommended measurements of different sizes of dogs (Source: http://dogsaholic.com/care/how-to-build-a-dog-pen.html) Step 3: Cement is poured into the holes, and the mortar should follow mixing instructions on the bag. Wooden fence posts are then installed in the holes, when the cement is still wet. Step 4: The Precut wooden posts, purchased at wood supply stores, are installed. The posts selected must meet the desired height of the pen. Step 5: After installation of the corner posts, the chicken wire is laid along the perimeter of the pen. The bricks can be used to hold chicken wire in place to prevent the pet from digg...

Technology And The Growth And Expansion Of The Population...

From the beginning of humanity, the growth and expansion of the population and society have led to the development of different technologies. These technologies, have helped with the evolution of civilizations and have equipped people with a variety of tools to address problems that, until then, had no solution with the means available at that time. Since man appeared on earth there is technology. Technology is considered as a set of knowledge and applied techniques, which are used by human beings to try to transform the world, with the purpose of best suiting their needs. Technology usually is linked to the development of solutions to a problem or any difficulty that could appear in an everyday situation. The first technologies of importance were associated with the survival, obtaining food and its preparation. The fire, the tools made of stone, weapons and the cloth were technological developments of great significance. Without a doubt one of the most astonishing innovations was agriculture. In a way, all human history revolves around two revolutions: hunting to agriculture and agriculture to industry. Without the different technologies that has developed the man, life today would not be as we know it, the technology is the greatest cause for change in the society. A country with technology is equal to a country with great economy. A clear example is the fact that oil since its discovery, has transformed the world and has been linked to the promotion of new technologiesShow MoreRelatedThe Extension of European Society690 Words   |  3 PagesEuropean Society Extension of European Society The era between1450-1650 was marked by extensive exploration of the world oceans by the Europeans by undertaking great voyages and securing the trade routes, that is why many refer this period as the age of discovery and the age of expansion as the Europeans migrates to other part of the world for the first time. 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Kenneth PomeranzRead MoreHygeia International Case Analysis1470 Words   |  6 Pagesof human resources needed for the company to be ready in venturing into poultry production in Nigeria in four weeks time * To analyze risks involved in poultry production in Nigeria in four weeks time * To determine historical data of sales growth within the past five years to project return of investment in the next five years Areas of Consideration: INTERNAL 1. Marketing Hygeia International is already well established in Nigeria. However, marketing channels are poorly developed.Read MoreThe Modification Of The Earth By Human Action760 Words   |  4 Pagesabate, but rather accelerated and diversified with the onset of the Industrial Revolution, the globalisation of the world economy, and the expansion of population and technological capacity. From 1700 to 1980, globally about 1.2 billion ha forest were converted to arable land. Large regional variations exist in the relationship between population growth and expansion of arable land due to the specific of Asian, European, and new continental system of agriculture and their respective paths of agricultural

Did Humans First Evolve in Africa

The Out of Africa (OOA), or African replacement, hypothesis is a well-supported theory. It argues that every living human being is descended from a small group of Homo sapiens (abbreviated Hss) individuals in Africa, who then dispersed into the wider world, meeting and displacing earlier forms such as Neanderthals  and Denisovans.  Early major proponents of this theory were led by British paleontologist Chris Stringer in direct opposition to scholars supporting the multiregional hypothesis, who argued that Hss evolved several times from Homo erectus in several regions. The Out of Africa theory was bolstered in the early 1990s by research on mitochondrial DNA studies by Allan Wilson and Rebecca Cann, which suggested that all humans ultimately descended from one female: Mitochondrial Eve. Today, the vast majority of scholars have accepted that human beings evolved in Africa and migrated outward, likely in multiple dispersals. However, recent evidence has shown that some sexual interaction between Hss and Denisovans and Neanderthals occurred, although at present their contribution to Homo sapiens DNA is considered fairly minor. Early Human Archaeological Sites Probably the most influential site for paleontologists most recent change in understanding evolutionary processes was the 430,000-year-old Homo heidelbergensis site of Sima de los Huesos in Spain. At this site, a large community of hominins was found to encompass a wider range of skeletal morphology than was previously considered within one species. That has led to a reassessment of species in general. In essence, Sima de los Huesos allowed paleontologists to be able to identify Hss with less stringent expectations. A few of the archaeological sites associated with early Hss remains in Africa include: Jebel Irhoud (Morocco). The oldest known Hss site in the world to date is Jebel Irhoud, in Morocco, where the skeletal remains of five archaic Homo sapiens have been found alongside Middle Stone Age tools. At 350,000-280,000 years old, the five hominids represent the best-dated evidence of an early pre-modern phase in Homo sapiens evolution. The human fossils at Irhoud include a partial skull and lower jaw. Although they retain some archaic features, such as an elongated and low braincase, they are thought to be more similar to Hss skulls found at Laetoli in Tanzania and Qafzeh in Israel. Stone tools at the site are from the Middle Stone Age, and the assemblage includes Levallois flakes, scrapers, and unifacial points. The animal bone at the site shows evidence of human modification, and charcoal indicating the likely controlled use of fire.Omo Kibish (Ethiopia) contained the partial skeleton of an Hss who died around 195,000 years ago, alongside Levallois flakes, blades, core-trimmi ng elements, and pseudo-Levallois points.Bouri (Ethiopia) is located within the Middle Awash study area of East Africa and includes four archaeological and paleontological-bearing members dated between 2.5 million and 160,000 years ago. The Upper Herto Member (160,000 years BP) contained three hominin crania identified as Hss, associated with Middle Stone Age Acheulean transition tools, including hand axes, cleavers, scrapers, Levallois flake tools, cores, and blades. Although not considered Hss because of its age, Bouris Herto Lower Member (260,000 years ago) contains later Acheulean artifacts, including finely-made bifaces and Levallois flakes. No hominid remains were found within the Lower Member, but it will likely be reevaluated given the results at Jebel Irhoud. Leaving Africa Scholars largely agree that our modern species (Homo sapiens) originated in East Africa by 195-160,000 years ago, although those dates are clearly undergoing revision today. The earliest known pathway out of Africa probably occurred during Marine Isotope Stage 5e, or between 130,000-115,000 years ago, following along the Nile Corridor and into the Levant, evidenced by Middle Paleolithic sites at Qazfeh and Skhul. That migration (sometimes confusingly called Out of Africa 2 because it was more recently proposed than the original OOA theory but refers to an older migration) is generally regarded as a failed dispersal  because only a handful of Homo sapiens sites have been identified as being this old outside of Africa. One still controversial site reported in early 2018 is  Misliya Cave in Israel, said to contain an Hss maxilla associated with full-fledged Levallois technology and dated between 177,000-194,000 BP. Fossil evidence of any kind this old is rare and it may be too early to completely rule that out. A later pulse from northern Africa, which was recognized at least 30 years ago, occurred from about 65,000-40,000 years ago [MIS 4 or early 3], through Arabia. That group, scholars believe, eventually led to the human colonization of Europe and Asia, and the eventual replacement of Neanderthals in Europe. The fact that these two pulses occurred is largely undebated today. A third and increasingly convincing human migration is the southern dispersal hypothesis, which argues that an additional wave of colonization occurred between those two better-known pulses. Growing archaeological and genetic evidence supports this migration from southern Africa following the coasts eastward and into South Asia. Denisovans, Neanderthals and Us Over the past decade or so, evidence has been piling up that although pretty much all paleontologists agree that humans did evolve in Africa and move out from there. We did meet other human species — specifically Denisovans and Neanderthals — as we moved out into the world. It is possible that the later Hss interacted with the descendants of the earlier pulse as well. All living humans are still one species. However, it is now undeniable that we share different levels of the mixture of species which developed and died out in Eurasia. Those species are no longer with us except as tiny pieces of DNA. The paleontological community is still somewhat divided on what that means to this ancient debate: John Hawks argues that we are all multiregionalists now, but Chris Stringer recently disagreed by saying we are all out-of-Africanists who accept some multi-regional contributions. Three Theories The three main theories concerning human dispersal were, up until recently: Multiregional Theory  Out of Africa TheorySouthern Dispersal Route But with all the evidence pouring in from around the world, paleoanthropologist Christopher Bae and colleagues suggest there are now four variations of the OOA hypothesis, ultimately incorporating elements of all three of the original ones: A single dispersal during MIS 5 (130,000–74,000 BP)Multiple dispersals beginning MIS 5A single dispersal during MIS 3 (60,000–24,000 BP)Multiple dispersals beginning MIS 3 Sources Akhilesh, Kumar. Early Middle Palaeolithic culture in India around 385–172 ka reframes Out of Africa models. Shanti Pappu, Haresh M. Rajapara, et al., Nature, 554, pages 97–101, February 1, 2018. à rnason, Úlfur. The Out of Africa hypothesis and the ancestry of recent humans: Cherchez la femme (et lhomme) Gene, 585(1):9-12. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.03.018, U.S. National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, July 1, 2016. Bae, Christopher J. On the Origin of Modern Humans: Asian Perspectives. Katerina Douka, Michael D. Petraglia, Vol. 358, Issue 6368, eaai9067, Science, December 8, 2017. Hawks, John. Neandertals Live! John Hawks Weblog, May 6, 2010. Hershkovitz, Israel. The earliest modern humans outside Africa. Gerhard W. Weber, Rolf Quam, et al., Vol. 359, Issue 6374, pp. 456-459, Science, January 26, 2018. Hà ¶lzchen, Ericson. Evaluation of Out of Africa hypotheses by means of agent-based modeling. Christine Hertler, Ingo Timm, et al., Volume 413, Part B, ScienceDirect, August 22, 2016. Hublin, Jean-Jacques. New Fossils from Jebel Irhoud, Morocco and the Pan-African Origin of Homo Sapiens. Abdelouahed Ben-Ncer, Shara E. Bailey, et al., 546, pages 289–292, Nature, June 8, 2017. Lamb, Henry F. 150,000-year palaeoclimate record from northern Ethiopia supports early, multiple dispersals of modern humans from Africa. C. Richard Bates, Charlotte L. Bryant, et al., Scientific Reports volume 8, Article number: 1077, Nature, 2018. Marean, Curtis W. An Evolutionary Anthropological Perspective on Modern Human Origins. Annual Review of Anthropology, Vol. 44:533-556, Annual Reviews, October 2015. Marshall, Michael. Humanitys early exodus from Africa. The New Scientist, 237(3163):12, ResearchGate, February 2018. Nicoll, Kathleen. A revised chronology for Pleistocene paleolakes and Middle Stone Age – Middle Paleolithic cultural activity at Bà ®r Tirfawi – Bà ®r Sahara in the Egyptian Sahara. Quaternary International, Volume 463, Part A, ScienceDirect, January 2, 2018. Reyes-Centeno, Hugo. Testing modern human out-of-Africa dispersal models and implications for modern human origins. Journal of Human Evolution, Volume 87, ScienceDirect, October 2015. Richter, Daniel. The age of the hominin fossils from Jebel Irhoud, Morocco, and the origins of the Middle Stone Age. Rainer Grà ¼n, Renaud Joannes-Boyau, et al., 546, pages 293–296, Nature, June 8, 2017. Stringer, C. Palaeoanthropology: On the origin of our species. J Galway-Witham, Nature, 546(7657):212-214, U.S. National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, June 2017.

Single Mothers in America Essays - 1059 Words

In today’s society it is not unusual to have a one-parent family with a young mother in charge. Teen mothers having children has increased so much over the years that it’s now a common occurance. Being a young single mother in today’s society is challenging but with the help of government assistance single mothers are finding their way. The government provides help for single mothers through a variety of welfare programs. Welfare programs provide benefits to single mothers with low income - income so low that it is not possible to support a family. Welfare helps with all childcare needs. They give the young mother food stamps for shopping at the grocery store and earned income tax credit. They play a big roll in helping these young†¦show more content†¦Or girls may even grow up to hate men because of unconscious resentment toward absent fathers. A study has shown that these young mothers are struggling with their time and availability for their child and their needs. This study has come to conclude that single mothers usually spend only 3.4 hours with their children. These mothers spend most of their time with work, school, yard work, and housecleaning. Leigh Thawley a twenty-three year old mother of a 4 month of child says â€Å" I feel like I have so many things to do in such little time and not enough time to even watch my child grow.† Another major thing that affects time with their children is â€Å" They feel the need to look good so they spend a lot of time fixing themselves so they can feel pretty and attract men.†(D’Amato) â€Å"I try hard to put my child ahead of myself but it is hard to because all I’ve ever had to do was worry about myself and I’m still so young that I don’t really know how put me last† said Thawley. In addition to problems of availability, mothers experience financial troubles with their children. In a suburb in Denver young mothers are having not choice but to move away to be able to get affordable housing. In moving away to get affordable housing these mothers and children are being away from family and putting more where and tear on their cars which is going to end up costing them in the long run. â€Å"In 2000, Boulder County 25% live in single parentShow MoreRelatedThe Main Reason For Collapsing Of Roman Empire And America843 Words   |  4 PagesAs Rome and America are the largest empire and country in their time, there are various similarities between them. Some similarities they both have are dominant power that both of them are powerful and have huge impact on other countries in their time and cultural diversity which they both have an open society made up of many people. Moreover, moral decline was the main reason for collapsing of Roman Emperor; America suffered th e decline of moral value for a long time. 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Essay Vaccinations Vaccines Should Be Mandatory For All...

Vaccinations are designed to help people go through their everyday life. A country doctor, Edward Jenner, who lived in Berkeley, England, first administered vaccines in 1796 (Health Affairs). Throughout history, vaccinations have become better to where they are safer for the human body. Everyone should get vaccinated against certain disease to stay healthy. Vaccines have been proven to make people immune to serious diseases (Childhood Immunization). By being vaccinated the person is not only helping themselves but others around them too. Vaccines are an important tool for preventing disease and should be mandatory for all people. Childhood vaccines protect children from a variety of serious or possibly fatal diseases, including†¦show more content†¦Whenever infants scream and cry for days after receiving more than two vaccines and seem to be really different it may be symptoms of either a postvaccinal cerebral edema or an encephalic irritation caused by the vaccination virus (Rau). Many people believe that childhood vaccines cause autism but it doesn’t although signs of autism may appear around the same time children receive certain vaccines (Clinic Staff). Vaccines have improved over time ever since Edward Jenner first administered them in 1796. Vaccinations contained thimerosal and mercury before they were improved. In 1916, four children died, twenty-six people developed abscesses, and sixty-eight developed serious systemic infections after receiving a vaccine that contained a bacterium called staphylococcus aureus (Offit). The FDA Modernization Act in 1997 was passed to insure that infants would no longer receive DTaP, hepatitis B, and Hib that contained a mercury level above 187.5 by 6 months of age (Offit). Now, thimerosal and mercury are not contained in any childhood vaccines expect the exception of the influenza vaccine (Offit). Over time, vaccines have improved to where they are healthier and safer for the human body. Many people are against vaccinations because they believe that they are harmful and contain many different ingredients that hurt them. People who are against vaccines say that the human body has its own immune system. Although vaccines contain chemicals, preservatives,Show MoreRelatedMandatory Vaccination Should Be Mandatory Vaccinations1228 Words   |  5 PagesMandatory vaccinations should be required for all citizens in the U.S. Having mandatory vaccinations will allow for well protected future generations that are susceptible to less health issues. With everyone being vaccinated there will be less occurrences of these diseases and sicknesses allowing future generations a more healthy life with fewer visits to the doctor’s office and hospital. Another reason to have mandatory vaccinations is that these vaccines are safe and approved by trusted medicalRead MorePros And Cons Of Vaccination1665 Words   |  7 PagesVaccinations, Worth A Shot! Mandated Vaccinations are a huge argument right now because of health and disease issues. There are people on both sides of this argument. Some people are against vaccinating their children because they feel they are being forced to have their child get vaccinated. While some people feel the need that vaccinations are important to protect themselves from any illness or diseases. Vaccinations should be mandatory for all schools and health care purposes. For one, peopleRead MoreThe Human Papillomavirus ( Hpv )1266 Words   |  6 Pageswarts; this type of HPV goes away on its own in most cases (CDC n.p.). A vaccination, proven to prevent against four major stands of HPV, has recently been developed. The vaccination has led to an enormous amount of controversy regarding whether the vaccination should be mandatory. Although the vaccine is new, it has been proven effective in preventing HPV and numerous types of cancer caused by HPV; therefore, it should be mandatory in order to protect today’s youth from HPV. Although most HPV casesRead MoreVaccination : Is It Worth A Shot? Essay1395 Words   |  6 PagesEnglish 111 29 October 2016 Vaccination: Is It Worth A Shot? An American scientist at Cornell University once said, â€Å"Advances in medicine and agriculture have saved vastly more lives than have been lost in all the wars in history† (Sagan). Vaccination, a result of the technological prosperity, had been practiced for centuries to counteract, if not stop, all kinds of diseases. It had been a way of preventing major illnesses to spread from one person to another. Vaccines are inactivated or attenuatedRead MoreBenefits Of Vaccination1438 Words   |  6 PagesWhy should we get vaccinated? What are the benefits? Do vaccinations even work? 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There are two HPV vaccines available for femalesRead MoreMandatory Vaccinations1223 Words   |  5 Pages Mandatory vaccinations in public school in my opinion play a major role in children’s lives. They are safe and effective, they protect others we care about, and will protect our future generations. Throughout the years there have been thousands and thousands of children’s lives lost due to outbreaks of diseases such as polio and the measles causing many deaths among young children. Vaccinations that have become effective over the years, limiting these diseases if not getting rid of them periodRead MoreShould Vaccinations Be Mandatory?1652 Words   |  7 PagesAudrey Miller Research Paper Draft Laura Thompson 10/21/15 Should Vaccinations be Mandatory? In today’s society, it is very common for parents to have their children vaccinated and to be vaccinated themselves. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Source 1), more than 80% of children from the ages of 19 months to 35 months were immunized for several different diseases. I myself have always been vaccinated, but I believe that it is a person’s right to decide whether or notRead MoreVaccinations Should Be Mandatory Vaccinations1495 Words   |  6 PagesThe government should mandate vaccinations, and although it would sacrifice the liberty and choice for public health it would keep the well-being and health of everyone much more safe and away from the risk of disease. Most people agree that vaccinations should be mandated because of how being vaccinated keeps people safer in public environments since being vaccinated helps stop diseases from being spread, as proven by science, but people who do not agree with vaccination mandation most of t he timeRead MoreThe Medical Influence Of The American Medical Association1263 Words   |  6 PagesAssociation, has an 80,000 member group ready to lobby for mandatory vaccinations (Mihalovic n.p.). If their influence among legislators is strong enough, they can eventually force parents to vaccinate their children in order to access educational institutions. In history, only three provinces had mandatory requirements for vaccines, Ontario, Manitoba and New Brunswick. Nonetheless, proponents for mandatory vaccination believe that it should be done on a local scale. They believe that the large percentage

Issues in International Business The Fast-Food Market

Question: Describe about the Issues in International Business for The Fast-Food Market. Answer: Challenges The fast-food market of Bangladesh is upcoming and growing along with the country. It would be extremely difficult for a foreign brand to enter the market, without any proper strategy or knowledge of the market. Moreover, local brands are already there to provide tough competition. KFC is already an established name in the fast-food industry, and has many advantages that can work as its strength while entering the market. However, some barriers and challenges would definitely come up for the brand while entering the Bangladesh market. Some of them are discussed below: Economic factor: Bangladesh is one of the developing markets on the planet. Bangladesh is expanding from a farming based economy to a mechanical assemblage based economy; however, the nation keeps up solid production, benefits and rural industry. Bangladesh is yet sustaining to being politically and financially steady and is interested in overseas venture contributions (Siddique, Selvanathan and Selvanathan 2012.). Socio-cultural factor: Society's states of mind have changed in the previous decade toward eating more beneficial nourishment choices, eating less broiled sustenance, and eating more decreased fat sustenance determinations (Marcucci 2014). The dominant part of KFC's menu things are singed nourishments. Today, KFC's clients for the most part pick the eatery they will eat at in light of value, speed and assortment of things. KFC's clients in Bangladesh are additionally truly value touchy and will go somewhere else on the off chance that they find that the esteem is not worth the cost. The clients can likewise be portrayed by being individuals that need to be served quickly and be out of the eatery in a matter of seconds. This is because of the expanding. In, Bangladesh KFC is adorning their outlets unconcerned national and social occasions. Competitor factor: Each association has a few contenders who give comparable products and administrations. KFC likewise have a few rivals in the sustenance advertise. In spite of the fact that KFC get to a novel place in the market in view of its mystery formula and brand name, it confronts an extreme rivalry by other nourishment brands. Those brands might not have an indistinguishable acknowledgment and taste from KFC, yet they pull in a decent number of clients in light of their low cost. The principle contenders of KFC are BFC, CFC, DFC, FFC, et cetera. Some different organizations like NFC and RFC are likewise required in this opposition. In the Metro Shopping Mall, there is likewise a KFC (King Fried Chicken). A few people consider it as genuine KFC. These fast food organizations furnish clients with comparable sorts of browned chicken for low cost. The chicken might be distinctive in taste yet they utilize a similar recipe to make their fries fresh as KFC does. Accordingly, they get to be effecti ve in drawing in clients. In addition, as these organizations give broiled chicken to low value, they get countless. In KFC, the least cost for fried chicken is more than a similar item at BFC. So white-collar class individuals of the nation inclines towards BFC from KFC. Moreover, an enormous number of understudies, who cherish fricasseed chicken, are not ready to spend a considerable measure of cash, as their pocket cash is constrained. They are customary clients of neighborhood nourishment marks as they can manage the cost of KFC visit sporadically (Tabassum and Rahman 2012). Entry Mode The process of new market penetrations is a risky business the risk of failure looming above the head always. In a firms expansion strategy, the best mode of entry in a foreign market would come as an importance choice to make, thus making it a major concern. Understanding KFCs internal business environment and Bangladeshs overall market environment the franchise mode of entry has been decided upon. The new outlet would be set up in Chittagong, as it is an unexplored market, and after Dhaka has the most number of people living. The franchise mode has been chosen as in that way Yum! Restaurants, the subsidiary owner of KFC, would be able to implement more control over the franchisees (Enz, Canina and Palacios-Marques 2013). They can also acquire a fixed amount and royalty as per the sales condition. The franchise outlets would follow Yums requirement and quality (Hoffman, Munemo and Watson 2016). Also franchising has low financial risk, with cost cutting in the assessment of market potential (Burton and Cross 2015). It would also assist in avoiding tariffs and limitations on foreign investments. Other modes of entry were not chosen as licensing would have the possibility of creating competitors in future, direct investment would increase the cost for KFC. As KFC is in itself a well-established brand name, there is no need for a joint venture, and as there is no need to manufacture the products in huge amounts the contract-manufacturing mode would also be of no use. References Burton, F. and Cross, A.R., 2015. A Reappraisal of Franchising Across National Boundaries in Foreign Market Entry Mode Analysis. InProceedings of the 1993 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference(pp. 638-642). Springer International Publishing. Enz, C.A., Canina, L. and Palacios-Marques, D., 2013. The relationship between new venture entry mode and firm performance.International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal,9(2), pp.129-145. Hoffman, R.C., Munemo, J. and Watson, S., 2016. International Franchise Expansion: The Role of Institutions and Transaction Costs.Journal of International Management,22(2), pp.101-114. Marcucci, P.N., 2014. Jobs, gender and small enterprises in Africa and Asia: Lessons drawn from Bangladesh, the Philippines, Tunisia and Zimbabwe. Siddique, A., Selvanathan, E.A. and Selvanathan, S., 2012. Remittances and economic growth: empirical evidence from Bangladesh, India and Sri Lanka.Journal of development studies,48(8), pp.1045-1062. Tabassum, A. and Rahman, T., 2012. Differences in consumer attitude towards selective fast food restaurants in Bangladesh: An implication of multiattribute attitude model.World Review of Business Research,2(3), pp.12-27.

Poverty Relief Strategies- Free-Samples for Students- Myassignment

Question: What are some alternative Strategies for Poverty Relief? Answer: Introduction The last decade has witnessed a transformation on how financial aids are managed to impact on the livelihood of the poor people. Initially, financial aids were given in the form of cash hand outs. However, such a strategy was found to lack any impact on poverty reduction. As a consequence, a new aid design was created. The design was crafted to assume entrepreneurialism aid relief projects in the form of inclusive business models, in which the poor are assisted to establish or improve businesses. The conviction was illumined by the reason that money is managed better once invested either in the form of physical or human capital (Adepoju, 2014). Inclusive business models are designed to integrate the poor people both as suppliers and customers at different stages in the value chain. The model thus links the gap between people with meager income and businesses for reciprocal benefits. Furthermore, this kind of models can be crafted to utilize readily available environmental resources. As a result, the business becomes financially sustainable, hence, turning the poor to emerge as entrepreneurs and customers within the business value chain (De La O, 2015). Such aids projects can thus make poor people have increased income and productivity, consequently becoming easy for them to meet their basic needs. The objective of the research, therefore, is to analyze the problems associated with aid projected which help the poor to establish or improve businesses. The essay will further investigate some alternative strategies for poverty relief as well as highlight examples of aids projects that are anti- entrepreneurialism. Problems with Entrepreneurialism Relief Projects Entrepreneurialism relief projects like inclusive business models are strategies which have been designed by the International Development Assistance Agencies such as Local and International NGOs, Religious Organizations, as well as Development Consulting Firms to elevate poverty levels in the world. However, most often of these International Development Assistance Agencies are not inspired by authentic interest to reduce poverty but to monitor and respond to the political, economic, and religious interests of the donors (Haveman Wallace, 2015). In most cases, International Development Assistance Agencies operate in developing countries while their headquarters are based in the developed nations where they battle for donations from public and private donors. As a consequence of huge budgets and massive funding, aids projects disallow any attempt to hire the local experts or partnering with local businesses (Hickey Du Toit, 2013). The agencies thus initiate entrepreneurialism relief projects without adequate understanding of the local situation to appeal to the people sentiments of compassion and solidarity with the poor. Such appeals make them attractive to the public, therefore, creating an opportunity for them to achieve the priorities of their donors (Randel German, 2013). Additionally, the relief strategies are marked by little or no participation of the poor, whom they are meant to assist (Katz, 2013). It is rather unfortunate that the International Development Assistance Agencies do not integrate the opinions of the in developing these strategies. Participation of the poor into the formulation of these projects is reduced to some informal meetings characterized by meager consultations and information sharing. As a consequence, implementation of such strategies is faced with major hindrances because the local poor people lack the sense of ownership of such projects. Such exclusion in decision making confirms that the agencies intention is not to alleviate poverty but to appease their donors. This conclusion is guided by the fact that, if they are guided by a genuine fight against poverty then the poor should be their primary client or principals and not the donors. The fear of being accountable is another reason why they object to such mind set. In f act, they argue that the poor lack skills, knowledge and education to evaluate and assess strategies imposed on them. Other problems associated with relief strategies include urgency and limited resources which make the projects unsustainable. Led by the desire to make the donors feel they assisted some poor people International Development Assistance Agencies hastily start new projects to ensure a constant flow of funding. It is thus outright that their annual reports and brochures only include the presumed achievements in poverty elevation but not failures. Most of the aids projects are evaluated within the funding period o they can appear successful. Another reason why aids strategies are unsustainable is because International Development Assistance Agencies prefer to initiate new projects than improving or continuing with the old projects. Such thinking is adopted because donors respond so readily to new visible changes more than the maintenance of old existing projects. Such mentality, therefore, halts aid projects once the funding ceases. Alternatives Strategies for Poverty Reliefs The problem of poverty is multifaceted. It extends outside economics to entail other issues such as cultural, social, and political concerns. As a consequence, poverty relief strategies should not be founded solely on economic policies. In actuality, they demand a comprehensive and well-coordinated set of measures. In reality, such a foundation forms the reasoning behind any well-thought poverty relief strategy. The key to poverty elevation is in the structural measures the poverty relief strategy seeks to enforce. Some of the measures include improved governance, regulatory reforms, trade liberalization, civil service reform, banking sector reform, and privatization of parastatals (Hout, 2016). An alternative strategy to the poverty relief strategies, therefore, must enhance policies that favor easy distribution of assets and income within a society. The policies must address fundamental issues like measure to maximize opportunities for the poor to access loans from financial instit utions at a friendly rate, land tenure reform, and pro-poor public expenditure. Only such vital elements will constitute an alternative strategy for poverty relief. Although poverty is a multifaceted phenomenon, it is influenced by a single significant factor which is economic growth. Therefore, macroeconomic stability is a necessity in the realization of high and sustainable economic growth rate. As such, macroeconomic stability is a core component of any alternative strategy for poverty relief. Alternative strategies must have structures which ensure government budgets are sustainably financed. Moreover, the strategy must entail articulated policies and specified objectives which are well costed and funded in a comprehensive government budget. In case a government foresees the inability to fund the alternative strategies by the use of the available resources such a government should seek assistance from International Monetary Fund and World Bank. Nonetheless, in circumstances where the funding is still insufficient government should revise the priorities of the strategy. Though, the intent of macroeconomic stability must always be upheld. The conclusion is inspired by the fact that macroeconomic stability is the foundation stone of any sustainable economic growth and increased private sector development. It is indisputable that macroeconomic instability drives both domestic and foreign investors away, thus, diverting resources elsewhere. Alternative strategies acknowledge poverty issue is a complex reality and can only be solved through diversified strategies. Hence, such a strategy must prioritize the fundamentals that affected society feels are the appropriate remedies to poverty issue affecting them. Some examples of alternative strategies for relief strategies include (Panican, Johansson, 2016); Sustainable livelihood Good governance and Job creation Education of both boys and girls Increased remuneration Gender equality Encouraging Micro-financing Transparency in government spending Cancellation of debts Access to sanitation and drinking water Access to Health care Proper nutrition to pregnant mother and infants Sustainable Livelihood Strategy Sustainable livelihood is a unique strategy which is people-centered and not donor-centered. It emphasizes securing the livelihood of the poor people as well as empowering them. The strategy is, therefore, founded on three pillars which include; Those underprivileged/poor people particularly in rural set up control massive resources and activities which can sustain them. The poorest are excessively dependent on the public or common asset for their survival. Government resources are such as forests, fisheries, and public grazing land. That successful poverty reduction strategy goes beyond the public budget to include assets and services like equitable justice systems, markets, and financial services. The strategy thus approaches the issue of poverty from a realistic, holistic, and manageable point of view. Such a broad approach aid the strategy to take into consideration the available opportunities for development and their impact on the lives of the people in question. Furthermore, the strategy positions the people and the priorities they hold dear at the core of its analysis (Krantz, 2012). The strategy encourages the use of resource/vulnerability method while analyzing the livelihood of the people in the narrative. It further underlines the significance of understanding the institutional and organizational environment as well as the vulnerability context in which the poor people draw resources of various kinds to execute a livelihood strategy. The strategy offers an explicit definition of five kinds of assets: natural capital, physical capital, social capital, financial capital and the human capital. The main strength of the strategy is its goal to include a range of resources and activities which are familiar with people in its project implementation. The strategy, therefore, offers a framework which addresses comprehensive policies which touch on the lives of the poor people. It does not only advocate for easier access to education and health but also smooth access to personal security, markets, and finance. Fundamentally, this strategy advocate sustainability, parti cipatory approach, need to change the prevailing circumstances, and the need for people to at the center of any project implemented. Such inclusive strategy, therefore, can work at various levels from local to national in conjunction with both private and public sector (Serrat, 2017). Good Governance and Job Creation Global poverty levels are on the increase despite the constant relief projects to elevate poverty concentrations in the world. The increase in global poverty is thus a clear indication that the solution to this problem is not founded on the relief projects but good governance and job creation to the affected population. Good governance entails of the processes of creating and executing decisions. The essence of good governance, therefore, is good decision creation processes (Ayre Callway, 2013). It is characterized by such qualities such as; transparency, accountability, the rule of law, inclusivity, equitability, participation, and efficiency. The strategy to utilize good governance as an alternative to relief projects ensures job creation and their sustainability. Guaranteeing education opportunities for all, availability of employment and access to health care as well as drinking water are some of the indicators of reduced poverty. However, such achievements are not possible in a country which is characterized by poor governance. Weak development model features poor governance and depending on the external aids instead of creating internal policies which will transform and enhance economic growth (De la Croix, Delavallade, 2013). Good governance is proactive, that is, it is responsive. As such it development plan inspires its financial regulation policies, macroeconomic policies, the development agenda of the private sector, the tariffs and taxation policies as well as public debt management policies (Biermann Kabiri, 2014). Unfortunately, many governments and especially in the developing countries fail to prioritize such critical policies to ensure relief projects are constantly in their countries. Similarly, good involves taking responsibility for the decisions implemented. Equality, the government should be ready to offer answers to the questions the people represented may have. Good governance encourages local solutions to the local problems that perpetuate poverty thus increasing investment opportunities (Bott, Gigler Young, 2014). For example, improvement in the infrastructures such as energy, communication, and transport present immense opportunities due to reduced cost of trade, thus enhancing inves tments. Underdevelopment, poverty and poor governance are different faces of the same coin. Therefore, good governance is the most effective alternative strategy to relief projects and aids (Kwon Kim, 2014). Examples of Aid Projects moving away from Entrepreneurism Funding of community projects is sourced from various sources which include; private sector participation, aids from external sources in the form of subsidized loans or grants, users of the project, tax through government budget. However, sourcing money from an external source is not always sustainable because of donor and development agencies fund projects for a limited duration. As a consequence, many aid projects that are detached from entrepreneurism collapse shortly after funding ceases. Some of the aid projects that have moved away from entrepreneurism include; Nutritional Improvement Projects In these kinds of aids project donor and the development, agencies collaborate with both the private and the public sector to address the challenge of malnutrition among the poor people. Therefore, most projects initiated within this mind set are agriculturally based meant to offer nutrition remedies (Ortuo, Vitoriano, 2013). There are numerous projects which are funded by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) to solve nutritional challenges. Examples of these projects are like; Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN) and Strengthening Partnership, Results, and Innovation on Nutrition Globally (SPRING). Such programs are thus aimed at improving food security policies for nutrition. Hence, they do not fund agricultural projects with the intention of encouraging the community to embrace agribusiness but for dietary purposes. Conclusion In conclusion, it is indisputable that the quality of aid projects is in most cases deficient; hence, the need to carefully evaluate the effectiveness of such projects. It is also important for the donor and the international agencies to encourage the local to actively participate in the projects they intend to initiate for them. Such inclusivity will ensure continuity of such even after the donor funding ceases. Besides, it has emerged that the most effective strategy to deal with the poverty question is good governance. Although some countries are in need dire need of aid projects, it is worth understanding that relief projects are not the solution to the increasing global poverty; therefore, the need for the world to appreciate and promote the available alternative strategies. References Adepoju, R. I. (2014). A Critical Analysis of Poverty Alleviation Strategies of Al-Hayat Relief Foundation in Nigeria. Journal of Islamic Finance, 3(2), 49-59. Ayre, G., Callway, R. (2013). Governance for sustainable development: a foundation for thfuture. Earthscan. Biermann, F., Stevens, C., Bernstein, S., Gupta, A., Kabiri, N. (2014). Integrating governanceInto the sustainable development goals (No. 3). UNU-IAS. Bott, M., Gigler, B. S., Young, G. (2014). The role of crowdsourcing for better governance inFragile state contexts (pp. 107-148). Open Development Technology Alliance. De la Croix, D., Delavallade, C. (2013). Why corrupt governments may receive more foreigaid. Oxford Economic Papers, 66(1), 51-66. De La O, A. L. (2015). Crafting Policies to End Poverty in Latin America. Cambridge UniversityPress.Haveman, R., Blank, R., Moffitt, R., Smeeding, T., Wallace, G. (2015). The war on poverty:Measurement, trends, and policy. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 34(3),593-638. Hickey, S., Du Toit, A. (2013). Adverse incorporation, social exclusion, and chronic poverty.In Chronic Poverty (pp. 134-159). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Hout, W. (Ed.). (2016). EU development policy and poverty reduction: enhancing effectiveness.Routledge. Katz, M. B. (2013). Poverty and policy in American history. ElsevierKrantz, L. (2012). The sustainable livelihood approach to poverty reduction. SIDA. Division forPolicy and Socio-Economic Analysis. Kwon, H. J., Kim, E. (2014). Poverty reduction and good governance: Examining the rationaleof the Millennium Development Goals. Development and Change, 45(2), 353-375.Ortuo, M. T., Cristbal, P., Ferrer, J. M., Martn-Campo, F. J., Muoz, S., Tirado, G., Vitoriano, B. (2013). Decision aid models and systems for humanitarian logistics. survey. In Decision aid models for disaster management and emergencies (pp. 17-44).Atlantis Press. Panican, A., Johansson, H. (2016). Strategies Against Poverty in a Social Democratic Local Welfare System: Still the Responsibility of Public Actors?. In Combating Poverty in Local Welfare Systems (pp. 155-177). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Randel, J., German, T. (2013). The Reality of Aid 1997-1998: An Independent Review of Development Cooperation (Vol. 10). Routledge. Serrat, O. (2017). The sustainable livelihoods approach. In Knowledge solutions (pp. 21-26)Springer Singapore.