Basic economics Assignment microeconomics Essay

Fundamental financial aspects Assignment microeconomics - Essay Example a. Value Elasticity of Demand 9 4. b. Short-Run and Long-Run Price Elasticity 12 4. c. Value Elasticity of Demand for a Particular Brand 13 4. d. On the off chance that Price Elasticity of Demand for Cigarettes Is Inelastic 13 References 14 Bibliography 15 1. a. Effect on ‘Law of Demand’ when there is no Scarcity of Resources According to a hypothesis of ‘Law of demand’, an opposite relationship exists between amount requested by clients and cost of items and additionally benefits. On the off chance that there is no shortage of assets in a given market, the cost of a product may fall quickly which thusly will give ascend to request of the ware. As expressed in the hypothesis, a lessening in cost of an item builds its interest in advertise. Besides, in monetary point of view, human instinct is named to be continually requesting which delineates that request of product will proceed to rise and in this manner influencing its cost on the loose. In this manner, i t very well may be expressed that whether there is a shortage of assets or not, the ‘Law of Demand’ will at present exist (Baumol and Blinder, 2009). Therefore, value proportioning can likewise be seen for this situation because of a reality that requests of people are named to be ceaseless or boundless. Be that as it may, in actuality, assets of merchandise are constrained. In this manner, value proportioning will be unequivocally obvious (Maddala, 2004). Decisively, from a financial perspective, it very well may be expressed that assets will be proficiently utilized when there is no shortage. ... efects of a Market System In the investigation of microeconomics, three key issues looked by any general public are: What merchandise as well as administrations can be delivered in a given society and what will be a suitable amount of creation? How to deliver the necessary merchandise or potentially benefits? The delivered products as well as administrations will be focused to which market portion or clients? (Gabay and Et. Al., 2007). On the comparable setting, value component is alluded to as deciding costs of products as well as administrations with the impact of different powers of interest and flexibly in a given society. The hypothesis expect to have no obstruction regarding outer components to the general public. As per a hypothesis of financial aspects, makers consistently will in general produce those items which can be sold in showcase at a significant expense and apply those creation procedures which are cost-proficient so as to amplify their benefits. So also, clients wil l in general kindness items which are less expensive and subsequently it decides the cost of the ware in a given market. Along these lines, value system expresses an associated connection between personal matters of makers and purchasers. As it were, activities of makers are directed by activities of buyers and the other way around. This productively decides amount of creation and cost of a ware, taking care of the three principal issues of a general public (Jain and Khanna, 2007). Nonetheless, there are a couple of imperfections that exist in a market which gives ascend to different confinements of value instrument hypothesis. They can be distinguished as, advertise capabilities, wasteful or inefficient creations, outer impacts, lethargy of products, lopsided dissemination of pay and others (Jain and Khanna, 2007). 2. a. Thinking The part of ‘opportunity cost’ can be very much distinguished for this situation. It is

System Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Framework Analysis - Essay Example Use cases can be utilized for pretty much every sort of venture for the explanation that they are helpful in giving data about arranging related issues and necessities of the task. In this manner, in the start of an undertaking the greater part use cases ought to be characterized, anyway as the venture continues greater limit ends up being observable. In basic words, the fundamental motivation behind use case outline is to perceive the significant components and techniques that make up the framework. These significant components are perceived as on-screen characters and the techniques are known as use cases. In this situation, the utilization case outline shows which entertainers relate with each utilization case (Braun et al., 2011) and (Chitnis et al., 2003). Use Case Diagram of WBF Ltd rental framework B-Use case depiction The way toward characterizing the general use case alongside fundamental parts of associations between the framework and the clients is known as use case portra yal. In the situation of framework improvement, the primary motivation behind use case depiction is to clarify generally methodology notwithstanding viewpoints those are exhibited in the graph with the goal that the watcher can have better outline of the collaborations and procedures (Sommerville, 2004) and (Pressman, 2001). Rental Process Use case portrayal Use case Description This utilization case depicts the procedure of film rental for client. In this situation a client puts a solicitation for the film. In the event that film is accessible then client gives his own subtleties. In the wake of recording client subtleties framework stores the framework film rental data and procedures installment data. After installment handling framework conveys the receipt to the client. Precondition/s In request to process film rental solicitation there is a precondition for the accessibility of the film in stock. On the off chance that the necessary film is accessible in the film stock, at that point the framework forms the film rental solicitation. Post condition/s For the fruitful consummation of the general rental procedure, there is a need to execute an appropriate methodology for preparing the installment of client. In the wake of getting installment from the client, framework completes the rental demands just as gives it by sparing client and film data and conveying the installment receipt. Steps I have delineated underneath a portion of the fundamental strides for the general procedure of film rental case: Customer demands for leasing a film Customer chooses the ideal film Customer gives individual subtleties Customer pays the necessary expense of film he needs to take on lease System spares data System conveys receipt Assuming that the client has picked the film and it is accessible to lease, produce a bit by bit use case depiction for the utilization case ‘Check out Film’ in WBF Ltd rental framework utilizing a proper layout/position that ought to in clude: C-Role of class graph Class charts are the establishment of article situated plan and investigation. Class outlines exhibit the classes of the primary framework that we will create, their associations (involving collection, legacy just as relationship), and the attributes and procedures of the classes. Additionally, class outlines are utilized to complete an expansive scope of capacities, for example, together space/theoretical displaying and thorough structure

Education and Life Expectancy Components Human Development Index

Question: Examine about the Comparing HDI and ISEW. Answer: Human Development Index (HDI) Developing acknowledgment of the failings of the ordinary GNP and salary as the essential markers of monetary advancement has prompted the improvement of elective measuring sticks. After the disappointment of GNP on a worldwide scale, two elective measuring sticks for surveying monetary advancement have risen - The Human Development Index (HDI) supported by UNDP and the Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare (ISEW) grew together by business analyst Herman Daly and scholar John Cobb, (Takhar-Lail Ghorbani (ed), 2014). HDI estimated on a 0 to 1 scale for an economy, is totaled utilizing three pointers, state (Arthur, Waring, Coe Hedges (ed), 2012): Longevity, Knowledge and accessibility of assets required for a dynamic country. Life span is the future of a resident. Information is estimated by grown-up education. Gross domestic product is utilized for the accessibility of assets per individual in the wake of buying power is balanced. Since every one of the three are taken as National Averages of the country, disparity of riches among the populace isn't thought of. In spite of the fact that accessibility of assets for longer periods indicates more significant levels of Literacy and Longevity, (Arthur, Waring, Coe Hedges (ed), 2012). Disputable and wide variations among the countries is seen when countries are positioned utilizing GDP as the reason for HDI, (Grbich, 2012). Costa Rica is positioned 40th in a HDI table, while South Africa, having GDP 27% higher than Costa Rica, is positioned 57th in a similar table. In spite of having a lower GDP, Costa Rica gloats of 92% grown-up proficiency rate, contrasted with 85% in South Africa. Essentially, Life Longevity in Costa Rica is 13 years longer than in South African. Comparative variations, says (Grbich, 2012), can be discovered when contrasting Argentina, Chile, Poland, and Yugoslavia. File of Sustainable Economic Welfare (ISEW) The Daly-Cobb Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare (ISEW) is nearly a thorough pointer of a countries prosperity, as it considers the normal utilization of the country alongside its circulation and ecological debasement. Despite the fact that it has been actualized in the USA up until this point, according to (Takhar-Lail Ghorbani (ed), 2014), it is logically presenting alterations for utilization and a list for distributional imbalance. The creators have additionally taken in a few natural elements, including consumption of non-sustainable assets, loss of wetlands, loss of farmland and expenses of air and water contamination. To produce the results of long haul ecological harms, it likewise incorporates factors affecting an unnatural weather change and harm to the ozone layer, (Takhar-Lail Ghorbani (ed), 2014). In light of this procedure, government assistance per individual in the USA has been found to increment by 42% somewhere in the range of 1950 and 1976. In any case, the decade from 1977 to 1986 saw a decrease in the ISEW and it fell by more than 12 percent in this period, demonstrating a decrease in singular government assistance in the USA. The principle shortcoming of ISEW is the reliance of this technique on data which is recorded distinctly in barely any propelled countries. Information on air and water contamination and the accessibility of non-inexhaustible assets is accessible in a couple of creating nations just, (Grbich, 2012). A comparable downside is relevant to HDI, which faces absence of dependable information on future, which incredibly, is gathered once in 10 years in a significant number of the Third World nations, (Arthur, Waring, Coe Hedges (ed), 2012). References Arthur, J., Waring, M., Coe, R. what's more, Hedges, L.V. (ed). (2012). Research Methods and Methodologies in Education. London: SAGE. Grbich, C. (2012). Subjective Data Analysis: An Introduction. second ed. London: SAGE. Takhar-Lail, A. what's more, Ghorbani, A. (ed). (2014). Statistical surveying Methodologies: Multi-Method and Qualitative Approaches. Hershey, PA: IGI Global.

Work! Study! Party!

Work! Study! Gathering! This article is tied in with opening up your brain to the likelihood that you can work, study and gathering completely all alone from the solace of your home, fraternity house or weather beaten apartment. Truth be told, all you truly need to deal with the working part is a PC and a web association! Simply envision it. You bring in the cash you requirement for celebrating and dealing with yourself while building your expert resume completely all alone autonomously! No working in the cafeteria or slaving ceaselessly as a teacher’s helper so everything you can bear the cost of is the least expensive lager known to mankind! Welcome to the Future of Work Toward the beginning of August of 2013 oDesk declared that their online work environment arrived at the 1 billion dollar milestone. That's right, a large number of individuals (very little dissimilar to yourself) working from their own lives and at the speed of their own ways of life from around the globe helped oDesk procure 1 billion smackaroos! That’s nothing. At the present time as you read this the evaluated online workforce is worth 1 TRILLION. It’s so enormous and the commercial center has become so quick it’s hard to truly get any solid numbers on just yet†¦ Here’s a really genuine chunk however: â€Å"By 2018 online work is anticipated to be a $5B market.† Consider it. On the off chance that you claimed a major or little enterprise at the present time and saw workforces on the nearby level contracting and reeling under the ascent of 21st century innovation, wouldn’t you go to employing individuals on the web? 1. Worldwide access to gifted laborers 2. 24 hour efficiency 3. Super-quick and effective employing process Need we go on? Inside the year before discharging this data 2,389 distinctive attractive abilities were added to oDesk work environment. That’s just oDesk. At that point there’s Elance and numerous different new companies taking into account YOU! Giving you an approach to work with a PC from anyplace, whenever, and at any cost. Here’s the three stages to beginning. Set up Your Website! Indeed, you need a site. It’s the same than requiring a toothbrush, cell phone or a vehicle or some other present day innovation. A site has become a vital part to rich life. Regardless of whether you don’t own (have) your own at this moment, you as of now likely have sites set up in your name via web-based networking media profiles: Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn, and so forth. Don’t pay attention to it as well, similar to what to name it. The fact of the matter is to simply kick it off and think expertly. Your site will develop as you do however. Because you can post connects on your Twitter profile doesn’t mean you’re well informed. When you set up your own web stage and start developing it you gain proficiency with a master’s worth of web-aptitudes inside the primary year or two in any event, when you just use it inactively. Build up a Service Provider Profile Optimize It What administration would you be able to give by means of your PC? Name it. Make something new. There are a large number of current ranges of abilities to look over. There are tons of approaches to make dynamic and automated revenue online today. A lot more will be made in the following hardly any months from now as you read this. Here’s the stunt however: you have to pick only one to three things and spotlight on them. Don’t attempt to bring in cash 10 unique ways while likewise pursuing down a degree and a public activity. It won’t work. It may work for a brief period however in the long run you’ll bite the dust. Attempt to pick one expertise, for instance if you’re an English Major you could compose or alter things. In the event that you study math you could offer to adjust people’s books for them. Whatever. Along these lines, you’ve got your site as an afterthought building and afterward you set up a specialist co-op profile on oDesk-eLance or some other online work stage where individuals can employ you straightforwardly and you can start gathering details: occupations finished, logged hours (practically), surveys, criticism and tributes, a portfolio, and so forth. Streamline around your aptitudes so the individuals hoping to enlist you can discover you and do as such. Begin Building Your Digital Name At this moment, all that you do in life is building your name in both the genuine and virtual universes. Just Google your name to perceive what sort of essence you as of now order. After you understand how incredible your online conduct is, you can guide it like a transport and make any virtual persona around your name that you like. It’s going to happen in any case, so why not control it? You can start bringing in cash inside a couple of days to half a month. That’s the truth. It’s being done on by understudies on grounds everywhere throughout the world at this moment. Truth be told, there are most likely a few understudies around you who are as of now doing it. They set their own rates, work for who they need, do what they need and work when they need. Begin. Start effectively fabricating your image, pick a little arrangement of aptitudes or in a perfect world only one to concentrate on and start developing in computerized esteem. Furthermore, consistently watch out for what's to come!

Nucor at Crossroads Essay

In 1986, three particular portions characterized the U.S. steel industry; incorporated steel plants, smaller than normal factories, and claim to fame steel creators. The incorporated factories have the ability to deliver a limit of 107 million tons of steel for every year, smaller than expected plants created a limit of 21 million tons of limit a year, and the nation’s forte steel creators could create a most extreme limit of 5 million tons of impeccable and claim to fame evaluations of steel. This prompts an all out limit of 133 million tons of creation for every year. In 1986, the market expended just 70 million tons of steel, leaving 33 million tons unused. Nucor is at an intersection. It faces an immersed advertise experiencing huge overcapacity. Nucor’s just open door for development is by all accounts to venture into the creation of level sheet metal. Be that as it may, to contend here, Nucor would need to put resources into a hazardous new innovation, a slight pi ece throwing plant that, if fruitful, would permit Nucor to make level sheet metal with a low least effective scale and a low negligible expense of creation. This case will look at Nucor’s history, the effects of entering the slim piece throwing business, the focal points Nucor would harvest, and whether they should manufacture the new slight section throwing plant. Taking a gander at the business scene of the steel business, it is stunning to perceive how well Nucor has done considering the business is so serious and has generally low productivity. Utilizing Porter’s model, the risk of contention is high because of frail local interest, abundance worldwide limit, a developing industry, low exchanging costs, high leave obstructions, rising working costs (expanding crude material costs), and in excess of 5 similar contenders. The risk of section is low because of high obstructions to passage (economies of scale have been accomplished and high capital prerequisites), development and benefit are unobtrusive, best case scenario, and most reasonable competitors are as of now present in the business and are hoping to venture into different markets. The danger of substitutes is moderate since purchasers have the alternative of picking different materials (aluminum, plastics, pottery, and so on.), and new materials advances are at present being c reated and looked for after. The danger of providers is moderate since iron metal and scrap metal costs are at present high, vitality costs are expanding, Nucor pays for transportation of its crude materials to its plants, there is no simple substitute to replace iron mineral/piece metal, and there is as of now an excess of purchasers of scrap metal and iron metal. In conclusion, the danger of purchasers is powerless to direct, in light of the fact that there is overabundance limit, low exchanging costs, scarcely any high volume purchasers, many low volume clients, solid interest from China, and rising feedstock costs. With the troublesome business scene in the steel business, Nucor needed to create upper hands over its opponents to make its encouraging. These points of interest included separating itself by being an early adopter of electronic request following and permitting clients to make brief timeframe arranges therefore decreasing their stock. Second, it put resources into modernization of its plants at a normal of 2.9 occasions its devaluation costs versus an arrived at the midpoint of 1.6 of its rivals through the 1970s and 1980s, and revamped on normal a plant a year. Third, Nucor deliberately found its plants nearer together to share orders for insignificant expense and greatest deals, and building new plants in littler country regions with access to railways, low vitality costs, and an abundant water source permitted Nucor to keep work costs moderately low and ensured that COGS stayed serious. Fourth, base wages were lower yet motivations were higher than normal, and direct correspondence on desire versus execution gave input on remuneration. Likewise, during down occasions, officials and CEO pay dropped drastically while normal specialists didn't. This prompted lower worker turnover 1-5% versus 5-10% for contenders. Fifth, Nucor’s recruiting rehearses concentrated on ensuring that they concentrated on employing individuals dependent on potential, not experience. At last, Nucor’s business chain of command was diverse for the most part level, bringing about not so much organization but rather more profitability per specialist. To put it plainly, a significant number of these favorable circumstances prompted Nucor turning into the second most profitable steel producer per representative on the planet due by 1985. Slim piece throwing was a proposed method for small scale plants to take care of requests for level sheet steel, a fragment that represented roughly 50% of the U.S. steel industry. To extend its steel piece of the overall industry, Nucor expected to enter the level sheet section. In the meager chunk throwing business, Nucor would at first rival global firms from Canada and Japan that gave top notch level sheet steel, and modest level sheet steel suppliers in recently industrialized countries. Boundaries to passage would incorporate enormous capital uses making new participants cost restrictive, however not feasible as the hindrance is little similar to the general expenses for steel fabricating. While new opponents may not spring up quickly, new participants from existing adversaries will weaken Nucor’s upper hand. Nucor required an imaginative innovation to be productive in this portion as another contestant. In any case, inventive innovations are hazardous because of improvement costs, obscure long haul working expenses, and the obscure nature of future items. Likewise, as a first mover, expanded costs will be figured it out. Expanded upkeep above estimates, the hazard that creation won't stay up with the little scope model, the hazard that the new tech won't be completely comprehended by the representatives and harder to run. Additionally, an improved probability that different organizations will profit by their missteps as SMS has not made any proposal to keep data gathered from an enormous scope activity secret. Be that as it may, the advantages of being a first time mover would be acknowledged also. The normal benefit from the slight piece minimill would be $81.50 per ton, which is 26% higher than from a modernized hot moved sheet delivered in a coordinated plant and 226% higher than the edge from an unmodernized incorporated plant. For cold moved sheet, the normal benefit advantage stays with minimills, with a normal benefit of $107.50 per ton, which 1.9% more prominent than a modernized incorporated plant and 115% higher than an unmodernized coordinated factory. In the event that Nucor enters the slim section throwing business the enduring points of interest might be diminished after some time as others in the business may impersonate them inasmuch as the model is demonstrated to convey the focused on results. In the event that Nucor works out the crimps, at that point different organizations will sign up and the upper hand window will recoil, making the general plan excessively exorbitant. On the off chance that the program doesn't work, it is likely different organizations won't go with the same pattern, while Nucor pays the expense for different organizations â€Å"R&D† offsite. Be that as it may, if the speculation into the new innovation demonstrates effective, Nucor would have a noteworthy cos t investment funds over coordinated plants at first, both as far as passage costs and as far as working expenses and overall revenue. This will give Nucor a huge upper hand over the coordinated factories, which as of now give level moved steel items, however won't give economical upper hand over the long haul, as it will be simple for contenders to copy this innovation. A considerable lot of the organizations that do steel would mimic the way that Nucor is taking. They have worked superbly of bringing down expense while utilizing their upper hands. Besides, CSP is a stage in a definitive industry objective of direct throwing of sheet at strip. Be that as it may, it appears just as Nucor would just increase a head beginning of a few years since SMS held the CSP innovation and Nucor couldn’t square others from utilizing it. This head start doesn’t appear to be exceptionally beneficial as it would require right around 5 years to break (see joined graph) even and different organizations would have the option to utilize exercises gained from Nucor’s first mover and apply it to bring down their breakeven point. Generally speaking this would be a dangerous endeavor for Nucor to embrace as of now as the innovation isn't at a satisfactory tech status level, the underlying expense to execute, just as it could move Nucor away from its upper hands.

Compare The Tattooing Practice Between Japan And Russia - 2750 Words

Compare The Tattooing Practice Between Japan And Russia (Essay Sample) Content: TattoosNameInstitution AffiliationThe culture of Japanese people and Russians vary in a number of ways. These two countries however share a similar practice of tattooing which is performed by individuals to symbolise different statuses and beliefs. This therefore arises the urge to study these two sets of culture to reveal these differences and understand the meaning of the various traditions carried out by the inhabitants of these countries. Tattoos refers to the markings that are engraved on a persons skin with indelible ink mostly to represent the persons attitude towards life and can be passed on from generation to generation as a tradition. One of the main reasons why most people engage in this practice is to symbolise their status of criminality and perverseness in society. In japan for instance, the Yakuzas who are believed to be the most notorious people in the country and the worst feared, practice the art of whole body tattooing as a way of showing their com mitment to the criminal life. In the book Education: Growing Up in a Criminal Underworld criminality does not always mean that the individuals engage in violent and harmful acts, it is depicted differently as a way that people in the community choose to live by the rules that have been passed out by other members of the society rather than honouring and abiding by state laws. The novel YakuzaMoon: Memoirs of a Gangster's Daughter opens us up to the kind of life that people who have a disposition to crime live. The main character is exposed as a person who tries to rebel against the values of the society where she is brought up by tattooing her body and living a life of crime. She takes all manner of drugs including meth and enjoys her new status where she partners with other notorious people and lives the gangster affiliated lifestyle. She even loses her virginity to one of the gangsters which is an indication of the horrible kind of life that she has chosen.In both Japan and Russia convicted offenders in jails and prisons are fond of practicing tattooing to indicate their loyalty to certain gangs and their hard-core status in criminal endeavours. Many individuals in jails and prisons have ink markings in their body with words or signs engraved that identifies them to certain popular gangs. In Japan for example, loyal members of the yakuza gang have ink markings on their body which are referred to as irezumis that differentiates them and set them apart from other gangs. In prison, these members usually stay together and support each other when there is threat to overcome their enemies. Rivalry among gangs is present as they try to compete for followers and other resources in prison such as drugs and mates. In Russia, this situation is also depicted in prisons and gang affiliations are predominant. Gangs such as the Solntsevskaya Bratva are so widespread across the countrys prisons and the members have tattoos in various parts of the body that acts as a symbol of their identity (Lambert Christ, 2003) Tattoos are viewed as items of honour and a person who accomplishes a given mission is awarded this prestigious item as a way of conferring them a higher and more respected rank. In both Japan and Russia, gang members usually follow a certain code and all members are expected to abide by it. An individual who acts contrary to this code is punished and any ranks conferred can be withdrawn. One of the ways in which this is done is through the removal of a previously awarded prestigious tattoo through painful ways. The main reason behind using painful ways that could even disfigure the skin is to discourage people from deviating from the specified codes and practices of the gang. The Solntsevskaya Bratva for instance punishes individuals who snitch on the activities of the gang to the police or even other gangs.In both cultures, the practice of punishing individuals through forceful tattooing grew and thrived. In Japan, punishment by tattooing which is referred to as Bokukei, bokkei was a very common practice. Individuals who refused to abide by the laws of the gang or the rules that had been set out were tattooed on the face for humiliation. In the Edo period inhabitants of Hiroshima had passed out a policy where perpetrators of certain crimes such as theft and burglary would have their faces tattooed as a corporal punishment (Tendō, 2007). Three strikes or an x mark would be engraved on the face of the perpetrator so that the public would be made aware of the criminal capabilities of the individual. In Russia, the Russian mafia also used this practice to those who broke the code of conduct or sided with the authorities. Also, snitches were handed the same punishment in order to humiliate them and make them pay for their unallowable activities. This would also serve to warn others and deter them from acting in a similar way lest they suffer the same fate.In both of these cultures, wearing unearned tattoos is a crime and punishment is meted to any person who uses some tattoos that are supposed to be of a higher ranker than his. In Russia, anyone found wearing an unearned tattoo could have the tattoo removed and punished for example through thorough beatings and at times rape. In Japan, the Yakuzas also have a conduct that restricts individuals from wearing tattoos which they do not have title to. Punishment is meted through beatings or removal of the tattoo through uncomfortable means. The main reason behind this is to warn people and ensure gang members respect title, authority and rank that is above them and which dictates the dos and donts of the gang. The idea is to show that respect among members should be a top priority and one should give the appropriate respect to people of a higher rank.Another similarity between Russian and Japanese tattoos is the use of these body markings to represent something that has meaning. As evidenced in the movie The Mark of Cain by Alix Lambert, a convicted prisoner explains that every tattoo needs to have a meaning. One cannot just mark his body to represent nothing. Certain tattoos identifies the kind of felony that the prisoner has been convicted of such as a skull which shows that the person is a murderer and a cross to show that the person is a thief in the law. The Yakuzas of Japan also have tattoos that are engraved to show the type of crime committed and show where one is a repeat offender for certain crimes. In the past, the government of Japan had introduced a practice where convicted prisoners in jail would be tattooed so that upon their release, members of the public would be able made aware of the persons criminal record.Another similarity between tattooing in Japan and Russia revolves around the illegality of practicing body tattooing in prisons. In both Russia and Japan, it is illegal to carry out tattooing in prisons. For this reason, inmates who are addicted to the practice are forced to device their own methods in or der to continue the practice. These methods are thought to be unsafe as they usually involve use of blades, wires and other improvised equipment with no sterilisation material. Since there is no ink in prison, inmates who tattoo usually use molten rubber or melted plastic to create these body impressions. Most criminals in prisons continue with the act of body tattooing even when in prison to document their life experiences while in prison.A number of differences also exist between these two cultures. One of the major differences that can be noted is the design of tattoos. Traditional Japanese tattoos were mainly animal art such as tigers, snakes and dragons. The designs are also colourful and are usually very elaborate. The designs cover a huge proportion of the body and could extend to cover the whole body. Different types of ink are used to decorate the markings on the body such as orange, red, purple and green, this use of different colours makes these Japanese tattoos appear br ight and decorated. On the other hand, Russian tattoos cover a small proportion of the body and the markings are relatively smaller compared to that of their Japanese counterparts. The tattoos could be words such as the name of the gang or symbols to show affiliation to a particular gang (Lilin Hunt, 2011) The tattoos could also be symbols such as a cross or a skull that shows the crime or felony that has been committed by the individual. Russian tattoos are not very coloured and normally a single colour is used therefore making these tattoos dull compared to those of the Japanese.Another difference regards the perception of the general public towards these body impressions. In Japan, the traditional Japanese tattoos are viewed as sign of barbaric attitude towards life and people with such tattoos are believed to be members of a crime syndicate and are therefore feared. The Yakuzas who have these tattoos are a large gang that have been known to engage in organized crime such as rob bery, kidnappings and even murder. Individuals with traditional tattoos are feared to be related to this cartel and people therefore look at such people with scorn. Where an individual is noticed wearing such a tattoo, they may even be barred from accessing some public facilities such as swimming pools or public gyms (VICE, 2016). In Russia, the level of dislike towards people with tattoos is much less because different people use tattooing for varied reasons. Due to western civilization and its deep rootedness in Russia, many people do not always think that the wearers of tattoos are gang members or gang affiliated since the art of tattooing is well established and even young people have embraced this culture for fashion.Another major difference between these two cultures pertains the equipment used in tattooing. In Japan, the method used is mainly manual since the person tatt...

Dog pen construction instructions - 2750 Words

Dog pen construction instructions (Article Sample) Content: Name Professor Subject Date Dog’s pen construction guide
Figure 5: Complete outside run with a wooden pen. (Source:  HYPERLINK "/gear-accessories/how-to-design-the-perfect-dog-kennel/" /gear-accessories/how-to-design-the-perfect-dog-kennel/) Every pet deserves a roof over its head. A dog pen helps the dog feel comfortable and keep safe. The structure also serves as a home or a castle for the pet, a private place for rest without the need to watch their back. More so, dogs are social beings, probably the most sociable animal in any home. Numerous dog keepers let their pets free in their compound, yet there are surely times they should limit them. Puppies have a tendency to expend everything that falls along their way, which inclines them to illnesses, and, in this way, they have to limit them. Moreover, the pet owners may travel once in a while, and dogs ought to be left controlled in their pens. What is the ideal location for the pen? This is the most important step when building a dog pen. The location determines the final design and the materials used in the construction of the pen. The spot picked will contribute specifically to the outline of the structure and impact the decision of materials and strategies for development in delivering the last item. A dog pen built far from the house will have diverse components when contrasted with a pen associated with the proprietor's home.  SHAPE \* MERGEFORMAT 
Figure 1: Location choice for pen ( HYPERLINK "http://dogsaholic.com/care/how-to-build-a-dog-pen.html" http://dogsaholic.com/care/how-to-build-a-dog-pen.html) The Ideal location is chosen by considering ; lighting in case security lighting is needed, proximity to water sources for ease of access, ease of cleaning , safety and security reasons (Stevenburg). What materials and tools are needed? Materials and tools include ; Circular saw or hand saw, power drill and bits, electric jigsaw, a claw hammer, spanner, a pair of pliers, a measuring tape or ruler and pencil, carpenter’s square, exterior grade plywood sheets, wooden frames, treated pine, Silicone sealant and construction grade adhesive, boltsclout nails and insulation, galvanized nails and Iron or steel mesh wire, Screw gun door Hinges, wooden posts each measuring 2 inches wide.
Whar are the measurements, construction plan, and features? The run for outside dogs should measure 12 feet or more in length and 4 feet in width. These dimensions will allow the dog to defecate and urinate naturally on the periphery of the run. The pen run must be slanted to permit free water keep running off to abstain from running puddles (Lawson). A dry well, which is 48 inches wide and 3 feet deep, is located at the far end must be filled with stones that are 3-4 inches in diameter. This will drain wash water thus keeping off flies. The floor should be made of concrete or wood. Other alternative materials include the gravel, which, though les s expensive makes cleaning up of feces on the floor quite difficult. The walls of the kennel should be made of the plywood sheets and roofing made of iron sheets to ensure no leakage of rain water.
Use chain linking for fencing of the outside pen. It is easy to install, cheap, durable and efficient to use. The fence should be buried 1 foot under the soil to prevent the pet from escaping. To enhance security, both sides can be screened off all other sides (Stevenburg). Placing privacy slats on the fence is helpful in cutting down the overall stress and barking. Welded wire with powder coating should be considered because it is resistant to dog teeth and urine. The initial installation may be higher as compared to other fencing options. Its resistance to rust and water makes chain linking a viable option. The living environment must be maintained, clean and comfortable since dogs will spend most of their time training for outside run. Shading of the pen is constructed using suitab le material. Dogs require enough shading from harsh weather elements such as rain, water and drought. Windbreakers and durable roof should be installed. Dogs withstand certain levels of cold, but excess rains and winds can be detrimental to a pet’s health (Lawson). This can be achieved by installing elevated coat which plays a huge role in preventing the pets from freezing. Another shaded area for the dog in addition to the pen is required. The pen should not be located in the corner to avoid cases of the dog using the pen’s roof as a launching pad to jump over. It is preferable to place it few meters from the corner. What is the estimated Cost and time needed? It is advisable to lease the tools required for the construction. Dog owners should only purchase consumables such as nails, hinges, chain linking fences, chicken wire, building material such as cement, sand, iron sheets and gravel. Leasing or borrowing the tools would reduce the total cost by 70%. Item Qua ntity Unit PriceTotal costRoofing galvanized iron sheets  2 Meters$10$20Chicken wire10 M Long$4$406 wooden posts 2 Meters long each$1$1Hinges3 Hinges$1$1Nails1 Kilogram$5$5Door1$10$10Mortar(Mixed cement, gravel and sand ) for flooring4 Wheelbarrows $25$100Labor2 Workers( trained and untrained)$200+$100$300Grand Total $477 Instructions Step 1: The first step is to measure and mark the desired area for installing the pen. Spots designated to be corners are marked using stakes as well as the gate spot. The pet’s size and the amount of resources available determine the size of the pen. The amount of time spent by a dog in the house will impact the size of the pen. Kennels for confining the dogs for only night hours or sleeping hours are not big (Alstrain). Step 2: After marking the desired spots, holes are dug; they should be 2 feet deep and 3-5 inches in diameter for each corner. Two diagonal holes for the kennel’s gate are dug.
Figure 3: A chart illustrating the recommended measurements of different sizes of dogs (Source: http://dogsaholic.com/care/how-to-build-a-dog-pen.html) Step 3: Cement is poured into the holes, and the mortar should follow mixing instructions on the bag. Wooden fence posts are then installed in the holes, when the cement is still wet. Step 4: The Precut wooden posts, purchased at wood supply stores, are installed. The posts selected must meet the desired height of the pen. Step 5: After installation of the corner posts, the chicken wire is laid along the perimeter of the pen. The bricks can be used to hold chicken wire in place to prevent the pet from digg...

Technology And The Growth And Expansion Of The Population...

From the beginning of humanity, the growth and expansion of the population and society have led to the development of different technologies. These technologies, have helped with the evolution of civilizations and have equipped people with a variety of tools to address problems that, until then, had no solution with the means available at that time. Since man appeared on earth there is technology. Technology is considered as a set of knowledge and applied techniques, which are used by human beings to try to transform the world, with the purpose of best suiting their needs. Technology usually is linked to the development of solutions to a problem or any difficulty that could appear in an everyday situation. The first technologies of importance were associated with the survival, obtaining food and its preparation. The fire, the tools made of stone, weapons and the cloth were technological developments of great significance. Without a doubt one of the most astonishing innovations was agriculture. In a way, all human history revolves around two revolutions: hunting to agriculture and agriculture to industry. Without the different technologies that has developed the man, life today would not be as we know it, the technology is the greatest cause for change in the society. A country with technology is equal to a country with great economy. A clear example is the fact that oil since its discovery, has transformed the world and has been linked to the promotion of new technologiesShow MoreRelatedThe Extension of European Society690 Words   |  3 PagesEuropean Society Extension of European Society The era between1450-1650 was marked by extensive exploration of the world oceans by the Europeans by undertaking great voyages and securing the trade routes, that is why many refer this period as the age of discovery and the age of expansion as the Europeans migrates to other part of the world for the first time. 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Did Humans First Evolve in Africa

The Out of Africa (OOA), or African replacement, hypothesis is a well-supported theory. It argues that every living human being is descended from a small group of Homo sapiens (abbreviated Hss) individuals in Africa, who then dispersed into the wider world, meeting and displacing earlier forms such as Neanderthals  and Denisovans.  Early major proponents of this theory were led by British paleontologist Chris Stringer in direct opposition to scholars supporting the multiregional hypothesis, who argued that Hss evolved several times from Homo erectus in several regions. The Out of Africa theory was bolstered in the early 1990s by research on mitochondrial DNA studies by Allan Wilson and Rebecca Cann, which suggested that all humans ultimately descended from one female: Mitochondrial Eve. Today, the vast majority of scholars have accepted that human beings evolved in Africa and migrated outward, likely in multiple dispersals. However, recent evidence has shown that some sexual interaction between Hss and Denisovans and Neanderthals occurred, although at present their contribution to Homo sapiens DNA is considered fairly minor. Early Human Archaeological Sites Probably the most influential site for paleontologists most recent change in understanding evolutionary processes was the 430,000-year-old Homo heidelbergensis site of Sima de los Huesos in Spain. At this site, a large community of hominins was found to encompass a wider range of skeletal morphology than was previously considered within one species. That has led to a reassessment of species in general. In essence, Sima de los Huesos allowed paleontologists to be able to identify Hss with less stringent expectations. A few of the archaeological sites associated with early Hss remains in Africa include: Jebel Irhoud (Morocco). The oldest known Hss site in the world to date is Jebel Irhoud, in Morocco, where the skeletal remains of five archaic Homo sapiens have been found alongside Middle Stone Age tools. At 350,000-280,000 years old, the five hominids represent the best-dated evidence of an early pre-modern phase in Homo sapiens evolution. The human fossils at Irhoud include a partial skull and lower jaw. Although they retain some archaic features, such as an elongated and low braincase, they are thought to be more similar to Hss skulls found at Laetoli in Tanzania and Qafzeh in Israel. Stone tools at the site are from the Middle Stone Age, and the assemblage includes Levallois flakes, scrapers, and unifacial points. The animal bone at the site shows evidence of human modification, and charcoal indicating the likely controlled use of fire.Omo Kibish (Ethiopia) contained the partial skeleton of an Hss who died around 195,000 years ago, alongside Levallois flakes, blades, core-trimmi ng elements, and pseudo-Levallois points.Bouri (Ethiopia) is located within the Middle Awash study area of East Africa and includes four archaeological and paleontological-bearing members dated between 2.5 million and 160,000 years ago. The Upper Herto Member (160,000 years BP) contained three hominin crania identified as Hss, associated with Middle Stone Age Acheulean transition tools, including hand axes, cleavers, scrapers, Levallois flake tools, cores, and blades. Although not considered Hss because of its age, Bouris Herto Lower Member (260,000 years ago) contains later Acheulean artifacts, including finely-made bifaces and Levallois flakes. No hominid remains were found within the Lower Member, but it will likely be reevaluated given the results at Jebel Irhoud. Leaving Africa Scholars largely agree that our modern species (Homo sapiens) originated in East Africa by 195-160,000 years ago, although those dates are clearly undergoing revision today. The earliest known pathway out of Africa probably occurred during Marine Isotope Stage 5e, or between 130,000-115,000 years ago, following along the Nile Corridor and into the Levant, evidenced by Middle Paleolithic sites at Qazfeh and Skhul. That migration (sometimes confusingly called Out of Africa 2 because it was more recently proposed than the original OOA theory but refers to an older migration) is generally regarded as a failed dispersal  because only a handful of Homo sapiens sites have been identified as being this old outside of Africa. One still controversial site reported in early 2018 is  Misliya Cave in Israel, said to contain an Hss maxilla associated with full-fledged Levallois technology and dated between 177,000-194,000 BP. Fossil evidence of any kind this old is rare and it may be too early to completely rule that out. A later pulse from northern Africa, which was recognized at least 30 years ago, occurred from about 65,000-40,000 years ago [MIS 4 or early 3], through Arabia. That group, scholars believe, eventually led to the human colonization of Europe and Asia, and the eventual replacement of Neanderthals in Europe. The fact that these two pulses occurred is largely undebated today. A third and increasingly convincing human migration is the southern dispersal hypothesis, which argues that an additional wave of colonization occurred between those two better-known pulses. Growing archaeological and genetic evidence supports this migration from southern Africa following the coasts eastward and into South Asia. Denisovans, Neanderthals and Us Over the past decade or so, evidence has been piling up that although pretty much all paleontologists agree that humans did evolve in Africa and move out from there. We did meet other human species — specifically Denisovans and Neanderthals — as we moved out into the world. It is possible that the later Hss interacted with the descendants of the earlier pulse as well. All living humans are still one species. However, it is now undeniable that we share different levels of the mixture of species which developed and died out in Eurasia. Those species are no longer with us except as tiny pieces of DNA. The paleontological community is still somewhat divided on what that means to this ancient debate: John Hawks argues that we are all multiregionalists now, but Chris Stringer recently disagreed by saying we are all out-of-Africanists who accept some multi-regional contributions. Three Theories The three main theories concerning human dispersal were, up until recently: Multiregional Theory  Out of Africa TheorySouthern Dispersal Route But with all the evidence pouring in from around the world, paleoanthropologist Christopher Bae and colleagues suggest there are now four variations of the OOA hypothesis, ultimately incorporating elements of all three of the original ones: A single dispersal during MIS 5 (130,000–74,000 BP)Multiple dispersals beginning MIS 5A single dispersal during MIS 3 (60,000–24,000 BP)Multiple dispersals beginning MIS 3 Sources Akhilesh, Kumar. Early Middle Palaeolithic culture in India around 385–172 ka reframes Out of Africa models. Shanti Pappu, Haresh M. Rajapara, et al., Nature, 554, pages 97–101, February 1, 2018. à rnason, Úlfur. The Out of Africa hypothesis and the ancestry of recent humans: Cherchez la femme (et lhomme) Gene, 585(1):9-12. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.03.018, U.S. National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, July 1, 2016. Bae, Christopher J. On the Origin of Modern Humans: Asian Perspectives. Katerina Douka, Michael D. Petraglia, Vol. 358, Issue 6368, eaai9067, Science, December 8, 2017. Hawks, John. Neandertals Live! John Hawks Weblog, May 6, 2010. Hershkovitz, Israel. The earliest modern humans outside Africa. Gerhard W. Weber, Rolf Quam, et al., Vol. 359, Issue 6374, pp. 456-459, Science, January 26, 2018. Hà ¶lzchen, Ericson. Evaluation of Out of Africa hypotheses by means of agent-based modeling. Christine Hertler, Ingo Timm, et al., Volume 413, Part B, ScienceDirect, August 22, 2016. Hublin, Jean-Jacques. New Fossils from Jebel Irhoud, Morocco and the Pan-African Origin of Homo Sapiens. Abdelouahed Ben-Ncer, Shara E. Bailey, et al., 546, pages 289–292, Nature, June 8, 2017. Lamb, Henry F. 150,000-year palaeoclimate record from northern Ethiopia supports early, multiple dispersals of modern humans from Africa. C. Richard Bates, Charlotte L. Bryant, et al., Scientific Reports volume 8, Article number: 1077, Nature, 2018. Marean, Curtis W. An Evolutionary Anthropological Perspective on Modern Human Origins. Annual Review of Anthropology, Vol. 44:533-556, Annual Reviews, October 2015. Marshall, Michael. Humanitys early exodus from Africa. The New Scientist, 237(3163):12, ResearchGate, February 2018. Nicoll, Kathleen. A revised chronology for Pleistocene paleolakes and Middle Stone Age – Middle Paleolithic cultural activity at Bà ®r Tirfawi – Bà ®r Sahara in the Egyptian Sahara. Quaternary International, Volume 463, Part A, ScienceDirect, January 2, 2018. Reyes-Centeno, Hugo. Testing modern human out-of-Africa dispersal models and implications for modern human origins. Journal of Human Evolution, Volume 87, ScienceDirect, October 2015. Richter, Daniel. The age of the hominin fossils from Jebel Irhoud, Morocco, and the origins of the Middle Stone Age. Rainer Grà ¼n, Renaud Joannes-Boyau, et al., 546, pages 293–296, Nature, June 8, 2017. Stringer, C. Palaeoanthropology: On the origin of our species. J Galway-Witham, Nature, 546(7657):212-214, U.S. National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, June 2017.

Single Mothers in America Essays - 1059 Words

In today’s society it is not unusual to have a one-parent family with a young mother in charge. Teen mothers having children has increased so much over the years that it’s now a common occurance. Being a young single mother in today’s society is challenging but with the help of government assistance single mothers are finding their way. The government provides help for single mothers through a variety of welfare programs. Welfare programs provide benefits to single mothers with low income - income so low that it is not possible to support a family. Welfare helps with all childcare needs. They give the young mother food stamps for shopping at the grocery store and earned income tax credit. They play a big roll in helping these young†¦show more content†¦Or girls may even grow up to hate men because of unconscious resentment toward absent fathers. A study has shown that these young mothers are struggling with their time and availability for their child and their needs. This study has come to conclude that single mothers usually spend only 3.4 hours with their children. These mothers spend most of their time with work, school, yard work, and housecleaning. Leigh Thawley a twenty-three year old mother of a 4 month of child says â€Å" I feel like I have so many things to do in such little time and not enough time to even watch my child grow.† Another major thing that affects time with their children is â€Å" They feel the need to look good so they spend a lot of time fixing themselves so they can feel pretty and attract men.†(D’Amato) â€Å"I try hard to put my child ahead of myself but it is hard to because all I’ve ever had to do was worry about myself and I’m still so young that I don’t really know how put me last† said Thawley. In addition to problems of availability, mothers experience financial troubles with their children. In a suburb in Denver young mothers are having not choice but to move away to be able to get affordable housing. 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Essay Vaccinations Vaccines Should Be Mandatory For All...

Vaccinations are designed to help people go through their everyday life. A country doctor, Edward Jenner, who lived in Berkeley, England, first administered vaccines in 1796 (Health Affairs). Throughout history, vaccinations have become better to where they are safer for the human body. Everyone should get vaccinated against certain disease to stay healthy. Vaccines have been proven to make people immune to serious diseases (Childhood Immunization). By being vaccinated the person is not only helping themselves but others around them too. Vaccines are an important tool for preventing disease and should be mandatory for all people. Childhood vaccines protect children from a variety of serious or possibly fatal diseases, including†¦show more content†¦Whenever infants scream and cry for days after receiving more than two vaccines and seem to be really different it may be symptoms of either a postvaccinal cerebral edema or an encephalic irritation caused by the vaccination virus (Rau). Many people believe that childhood vaccines cause autism but it doesn’t although signs of autism may appear around the same time children receive certain vaccines (Clinic Staff). Vaccines have improved over time ever since Edward Jenner first administered them in 1796. Vaccinations contained thimerosal and mercury before they were improved. In 1916, four children died, twenty-six people developed abscesses, and sixty-eight developed serious systemic infections after receiving a vaccine that contained a bacterium called staphylococcus aureus (Offit). The FDA Modernization Act in 1997 was passed to insure that infants would no longer receive DTaP, hepatitis B, and Hib that contained a mercury level above 187.5 by 6 months of age (Offit). Now, thimerosal and mercury are not contained in any childhood vaccines expect the exception of the influenza vaccine (Offit). Over time, vaccines have improved to where they are healthier and safer for the human body. Many people are against vaccinations because they believe that they are harmful and contain many different ingredients that hurt them. People who are against vaccines say that the human body has its own immune system. Although vaccines contain chemicals, preservatives,Show MoreRelatedMandatory Vaccination Should Be Mandatory Vaccinations1228 Words   |  5 PagesMandatory vaccinations should be required for all citizens in the U.S. Having mandatory vaccinations will allow for well protected future generations that are susceptible to less health issues. With everyone being vaccinated there will be less occurrences of these diseases and sicknesses allowing future generations a more healthy life with fewer visits to the doctor’s office and hospital. Another reason to have mandatory vaccinations is that these vaccines are safe and approved by trusted medicalRead MorePros And Cons Of Vaccination1665 Words   |  7 PagesVaccinations, Worth A Shot! Mandated Vaccinations are a huge argument right now because of health and disease issues. There are people on both sides of this argument. Some people are against vaccinating their children because they feel they are being forced to have their child get vaccinated. While some people feel the need that vaccinations are important to protect themselves from any illness or diseases. Vaccinations should be mandatory for all schools and health care purposes. For one, peopleRead MoreThe Human Papillomavirus ( Hpv )1266 Words   |  6 Pageswarts; this type of HPV goes away on its own in most cases (CDC n.p.). A vaccination, proven to prevent against four major stands of HPV, has recently been developed. The vaccination has led to an enormous amount of controversy regarding whether the vaccination should be mandatory. 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Most people agree that vaccinations should be mandated because of how being vaccinated keeps people safer in public environments since being vaccinated helps stop diseases from being spread, as proven by science, but people who do not agree with vaccination mandation most of t he timeRead MoreThe Medical Influence Of The American Medical Association1263 Words   |  6 PagesAssociation, has an 80,000 member group ready to lobby for mandatory vaccinations (Mihalovic n.p.). If their influence among legislators is strong enough, they can eventually force parents to vaccinate their children in order to access educational institutions. In history, only three provinces had mandatory requirements for vaccines, Ontario, Manitoba and New Brunswick. Nonetheless, proponents for mandatory vaccination believe that it should be done on a local scale. They believe that the large percentage

Issues in International Business The Fast-Food Market

Question: Describe about the Issues in International Business for The Fast-Food Market. Answer: Challenges The fast-food market of Bangladesh is upcoming and growing along with the country. It would be extremely difficult for a foreign brand to enter the market, without any proper strategy or knowledge of the market. Moreover, local brands are already there to provide tough competition. KFC is already an established name in the fast-food industry, and has many advantages that can work as its strength while entering the market. However, some barriers and challenges would definitely come up for the brand while entering the Bangladesh market. Some of them are discussed below: Economic factor: Bangladesh is one of the developing markets on the planet. Bangladesh is expanding from a farming based economy to a mechanical assemblage based economy; however, the nation keeps up solid production, benefits and rural industry. Bangladesh is yet sustaining to being politically and financially steady and is interested in overseas venture contributions (Siddique, Selvanathan and Selvanathan 2012.). Socio-cultural factor: Society's states of mind have changed in the previous decade toward eating more beneficial nourishment choices, eating less broiled sustenance, and eating more decreased fat sustenance determinations (Marcucci 2014). The dominant part of KFC's menu things are singed nourishments. Today, KFC's clients for the most part pick the eatery they will eat at in light of value, speed and assortment of things. KFC's clients in Bangladesh are additionally truly value touchy and will go somewhere else on the off chance that they find that the esteem is not worth the cost. The clients can likewise be portrayed by being individuals that need to be served quickly and be out of the eatery in a matter of seconds. This is because of the expanding. In, Bangladesh KFC is adorning their outlets unconcerned national and social occasions. Competitor factor: Each association has a few contenders who give comparable products and administrations. KFC likewise have a few rivals in the sustenance advertise. In spite of the fact that KFC get to a novel place in the market in view of its mystery formula and brand name, it confronts an extreme rivalry by other nourishment brands. Those brands might not have an indistinguishable acknowledgment and taste from KFC, yet they pull in a decent number of clients in light of their low cost. The principle contenders of KFC are BFC, CFC, DFC, FFC, et cetera. Some different organizations like NFC and RFC are likewise required in this opposition. In the Metro Shopping Mall, there is likewise a KFC (King Fried Chicken). A few people consider it as genuine KFC. These fast food organizations furnish clients with comparable sorts of browned chicken for low cost. The chicken might be distinctive in taste yet they utilize a similar recipe to make their fries fresh as KFC does. Accordingly, they get to be effecti ve in drawing in clients. In addition, as these organizations give broiled chicken to low value, they get countless. In KFC, the least cost for fried chicken is more than a similar item at BFC. So white-collar class individuals of the nation inclines towards BFC from KFC. Moreover, an enormous number of understudies, who cherish fricasseed chicken, are not ready to spend a considerable measure of cash, as their pocket cash is constrained. They are customary clients of neighborhood nourishment marks as they can manage the cost of KFC visit sporadically (Tabassum and Rahman 2012). Entry Mode The process of new market penetrations is a risky business the risk of failure looming above the head always. In a firms expansion strategy, the best mode of entry in a foreign market would come as an importance choice to make, thus making it a major concern. Understanding KFCs internal business environment and Bangladeshs overall market environment the franchise mode of entry has been decided upon. The new outlet would be set up in Chittagong, as it is an unexplored market, and after Dhaka has the most number of people living. The franchise mode has been chosen as in that way Yum! Restaurants, the subsidiary owner of KFC, would be able to implement more control over the franchisees (Enz, Canina and Palacios-Marques 2013). They can also acquire a fixed amount and royalty as per the sales condition. The franchise outlets would follow Yums requirement and quality (Hoffman, Munemo and Watson 2016). Also franchising has low financial risk, with cost cutting in the assessment of market potential (Burton and Cross 2015). It would also assist in avoiding tariffs and limitations on foreign investments. Other modes of entry were not chosen as licensing would have the possibility of creating competitors in future, direct investment would increase the cost for KFC. As KFC is in itself a well-established brand name, there is no need for a joint venture, and as there is no need to manufacture the products in huge amounts the contract-manufacturing mode would also be of no use. References Burton, F. and Cross, A.R., 2015. A Reappraisal of Franchising Across National Boundaries in Foreign Market Entry Mode Analysis. InProceedings of the 1993 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference(pp. 638-642). Springer International Publishing. Enz, C.A., Canina, L. and Palacios-Marques, D., 2013. The relationship between new venture entry mode and firm performance.International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal,9(2), pp.129-145. Hoffman, R.C., Munemo, J. and Watson, S., 2016. International Franchise Expansion: The Role of Institutions and Transaction Costs.Journal of International Management,22(2), pp.101-114. Marcucci, P.N., 2014. Jobs, gender and small enterprises in Africa and Asia: Lessons drawn from Bangladesh, the Philippines, Tunisia and Zimbabwe. Siddique, A., Selvanathan, E.A. and Selvanathan, S., 2012. Remittances and economic growth: empirical evidence from Bangladesh, India and Sri Lanka.Journal of development studies,48(8), pp.1045-1062. Tabassum, A. and Rahman, T., 2012. Differences in consumer attitude towards selective fast food restaurants in Bangladesh: An implication of multiattribute attitude model.World Review of Business Research,2(3), pp.12-27.

Poverty Relief Strategies- Free-Samples for Students- Myassignment

Question: What are some alternative Strategies for Poverty Relief? Answer: Introduction The last decade has witnessed a transformation on how financial aids are managed to impact on the livelihood of the poor people. Initially, financial aids were given in the form of cash hand outs. However, such a strategy was found to lack any impact on poverty reduction. As a consequence, a new aid design was created. The design was crafted to assume entrepreneurialism aid relief projects in the form of inclusive business models, in which the poor are assisted to establish or improve businesses. The conviction was illumined by the reason that money is managed better once invested either in the form of physical or human capital (Adepoju, 2014). Inclusive business models are designed to integrate the poor people both as suppliers and customers at different stages in the value chain. The model thus links the gap between people with meager income and businesses for reciprocal benefits. Furthermore, this kind of models can be crafted to utilize readily available environmental resources. As a result, the business becomes financially sustainable, hence, turning the poor to emerge as entrepreneurs and customers within the business value chain (De La O, 2015). Such aids projects can thus make poor people have increased income and productivity, consequently becoming easy for them to meet their basic needs. The objective of the research, therefore, is to analyze the problems associated with aid projected which help the poor to establish or improve businesses. The essay will further investigate some alternative strategies for poverty relief as well as highlight examples of aids projects that are anti- entrepreneurialism. Problems with Entrepreneurialism Relief Projects Entrepreneurialism relief projects like inclusive business models are strategies which have been designed by the International Development Assistance Agencies such as Local and International NGOs, Religious Organizations, as well as Development Consulting Firms to elevate poverty levels in the world. However, most often of these International Development Assistance Agencies are not inspired by authentic interest to reduce poverty but to monitor and respond to the political, economic, and religious interests of the donors (Haveman Wallace, 2015). In most cases, International Development Assistance Agencies operate in developing countries while their headquarters are based in the developed nations where they battle for donations from public and private donors. As a consequence of huge budgets and massive funding, aids projects disallow any attempt to hire the local experts or partnering with local businesses (Hickey Du Toit, 2013). The agencies thus initiate entrepreneurialism relief projects without adequate understanding of the local situation to appeal to the people sentiments of compassion and solidarity with the poor. Such appeals make them attractive to the public, therefore, creating an opportunity for them to achieve the priorities of their donors (Randel German, 2013). Additionally, the relief strategies are marked by little or no participation of the poor, whom they are meant to assist (Katz, 2013). It is rather unfortunate that the International Development Assistance Agencies do not integrate the opinions of the in developing these strategies. Participation of the poor into the formulation of these projects is reduced to some informal meetings characterized by meager consultations and information sharing. As a consequence, implementation of such strategies is faced with major hindrances because the local poor people lack the sense of ownership of such projects. Such exclusion in decision making confirms that the agencies intention is not to alleviate poverty but to appease their donors. This conclusion is guided by the fact that, if they are guided by a genuine fight against poverty then the poor should be their primary client or principals and not the donors. The fear of being accountable is another reason why they object to such mind set. In f act, they argue that the poor lack skills, knowledge and education to evaluate and assess strategies imposed on them. Other problems associated with relief strategies include urgency and limited resources which make the projects unsustainable. Led by the desire to make the donors feel they assisted some poor people International Development Assistance Agencies hastily start new projects to ensure a constant flow of funding. It is thus outright that their annual reports and brochures only include the presumed achievements in poverty elevation but not failures. Most of the aids projects are evaluated within the funding period o they can appear successful. Another reason why aids strategies are unsustainable is because International Development Assistance Agencies prefer to initiate new projects than improving or continuing with the old projects. Such thinking is adopted because donors respond so readily to new visible changes more than the maintenance of old existing projects. Such mentality, therefore, halts aid projects once the funding ceases. Alternatives Strategies for Poverty Reliefs The problem of poverty is multifaceted. It extends outside economics to entail other issues such as cultural, social, and political concerns. As a consequence, poverty relief strategies should not be founded solely on economic policies. In actuality, they demand a comprehensive and well-coordinated set of measures. In reality, such a foundation forms the reasoning behind any well-thought poverty relief strategy. The key to poverty elevation is in the structural measures the poverty relief strategy seeks to enforce. Some of the measures include improved governance, regulatory reforms, trade liberalization, civil service reform, banking sector reform, and privatization of parastatals (Hout, 2016). An alternative strategy to the poverty relief strategies, therefore, must enhance policies that favor easy distribution of assets and income within a society. The policies must address fundamental issues like measure to maximize opportunities for the poor to access loans from financial instit utions at a friendly rate, land tenure reform, and pro-poor public expenditure. Only such vital elements will constitute an alternative strategy for poverty relief. Although poverty is a multifaceted phenomenon, it is influenced by a single significant factor which is economic growth. Therefore, macroeconomic stability is a necessity in the realization of high and sustainable economic growth rate. As such, macroeconomic stability is a core component of any alternative strategy for poverty relief. Alternative strategies must have structures which ensure government budgets are sustainably financed. Moreover, the strategy must entail articulated policies and specified objectives which are well costed and funded in a comprehensive government budget. In case a government foresees the inability to fund the alternative strategies by the use of the available resources such a government should seek assistance from International Monetary Fund and World Bank. Nonetheless, in circumstances where the funding is still insufficient government should revise the priorities of the strategy. Though, the intent of macroeconomic stability must always be upheld. The conclusion is inspired by the fact that macroeconomic stability is the foundation stone of any sustainable economic growth and increased private sector development. It is indisputable that macroeconomic instability drives both domestic and foreign investors away, thus, diverting resources elsewhere. Alternative strategies acknowledge poverty issue is a complex reality and can only be solved through diversified strategies. Hence, such a strategy must prioritize the fundamentals that affected society feels are the appropriate remedies to poverty issue affecting them. Some examples of alternative strategies for relief strategies include (Panican, Johansson, 2016); Sustainable livelihood Good governance and Job creation Education of both boys and girls Increased remuneration Gender equality Encouraging Micro-financing Transparency in government spending Cancellation of debts Access to sanitation and drinking water Access to Health care Proper nutrition to pregnant mother and infants Sustainable Livelihood Strategy Sustainable livelihood is a unique strategy which is people-centered and not donor-centered. It emphasizes securing the livelihood of the poor people as well as empowering them. The strategy is, therefore, founded on three pillars which include; Those underprivileged/poor people particularly in rural set up control massive resources and activities which can sustain them. The poorest are excessively dependent on the public or common asset for their survival. Government resources are such as forests, fisheries, and public grazing land. That successful poverty reduction strategy goes beyond the public budget to include assets and services like equitable justice systems, markets, and financial services. The strategy thus approaches the issue of poverty from a realistic, holistic, and manageable point of view. Such a broad approach aid the strategy to take into consideration the available opportunities for development and their impact on the lives of the people in question. Furthermore, the strategy positions the people and the priorities they hold dear at the core of its analysis (Krantz, 2012). The strategy encourages the use of resource/vulnerability method while analyzing the livelihood of the people in the narrative. It further underlines the significance of understanding the institutional and organizational environment as well as the vulnerability context in which the poor people draw resources of various kinds to execute a livelihood strategy. The strategy offers an explicit definition of five kinds of assets: natural capital, physical capital, social capital, financial capital and the human capital. The main strength of the strategy is its goal to include a range of resources and activities which are familiar with people in its project implementation. The strategy, therefore, offers a framework which addresses comprehensive policies which touch on the lives of the poor people. It does not only advocate for easier access to education and health but also smooth access to personal security, markets, and finance. Fundamentally, this strategy advocate sustainability, parti cipatory approach, need to change the prevailing circumstances, and the need for people to at the center of any project implemented. Such inclusive strategy, therefore, can work at various levels from local to national in conjunction with both private and public sector (Serrat, 2017). Good Governance and Job Creation Global poverty levels are on the increase despite the constant relief projects to elevate poverty concentrations in the world. The increase in global poverty is thus a clear indication that the solution to this problem is not founded on the relief projects but good governance and job creation to the affected population. Good governance entails of the processes of creating and executing decisions. The essence of good governance, therefore, is good decision creation processes (Ayre Callway, 2013). It is characterized by such qualities such as; transparency, accountability, the rule of law, inclusivity, equitability, participation, and efficiency. The strategy to utilize good governance as an alternative to relief projects ensures job creation and their sustainability. Guaranteeing education opportunities for all, availability of employment and access to health care as well as drinking water are some of the indicators of reduced poverty. However, such achievements are not possible in a country which is characterized by poor governance. Weak development model features poor governance and depending on the external aids instead of creating internal policies which will transform and enhance economic growth (De la Croix, Delavallade, 2013). Good governance is proactive, that is, it is responsive. As such it development plan inspires its financial regulation policies, macroeconomic policies, the development agenda of the private sector, the tariffs and taxation policies as well as public debt management policies (Biermann Kabiri, 2014). Unfortunately, many governments and especially in the developing countries fail to prioritize such critical policies to ensure relief projects are constantly in their countries. Similarly, good involves taking responsibility for the decisions implemented. Equality, the government should be ready to offer answers to the questions the people represented may have. Good governance encourages local solutions to the local problems that perpetuate poverty thus increasing investment opportunities (Bott, Gigler Young, 2014). For example, improvement in the infrastructures such as energy, communication, and transport present immense opportunities due to reduced cost of trade, thus enhancing inves tments. Underdevelopment, poverty and poor governance are different faces of the same coin. Therefore, good governance is the most effective alternative strategy to relief projects and aids (Kwon Kim, 2014). Examples of Aid Projects moving away from Entrepreneurism Funding of community projects is sourced from various sources which include; private sector participation, aids from external sources in the form of subsidized loans or grants, users of the project, tax through government budget. However, sourcing money from an external source is not always sustainable because of donor and development agencies fund projects for a limited duration. As a consequence, many aid projects that are detached from entrepreneurism collapse shortly after funding ceases. Some of the aid projects that have moved away from entrepreneurism include; Nutritional Improvement Projects In these kinds of aids project donor and the development, agencies collaborate with both the private and the public sector to address the challenge of malnutrition among the poor people. Therefore, most projects initiated within this mind set are agriculturally based meant to offer nutrition remedies (Ortuo, Vitoriano, 2013). There are numerous projects which are funded by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) to solve nutritional challenges. Examples of these projects are like; Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN) and Strengthening Partnership, Results, and Innovation on Nutrition Globally (SPRING). Such programs are thus aimed at improving food security policies for nutrition. Hence, they do not fund agricultural projects with the intention of encouraging the community to embrace agribusiness but for dietary purposes. Conclusion In conclusion, it is indisputable that the quality of aid projects is in most cases deficient; hence, the need to carefully evaluate the effectiveness of such projects. It is also important for the donor and the international agencies to encourage the local to actively participate in the projects they intend to initiate for them. Such inclusivity will ensure continuity of such even after the donor funding ceases. Besides, it has emerged that the most effective strategy to deal with the poverty question is good governance. Although some countries are in need dire need of aid projects, it is worth understanding that relief projects are not the solution to the increasing global poverty; therefore, the need for the world to appreciate and promote the available alternative strategies. References Adepoju, R. I. (2014). A Critical Analysis of Poverty Alleviation Strategies of Al-Hayat Relief Foundation in Nigeria. Journal of Islamic Finance, 3(2), 49-59. Ayre, G., Callway, R. (2013). Governance for sustainable development: a foundation for thfuture. Earthscan. Biermann, F., Stevens, C., Bernstein, S., Gupta, A., Kabiri, N. (2014). Integrating governanceInto the sustainable development goals (No. 3). UNU-IAS. Bott, M., Gigler, B. S., Young, G. (2014). The role of crowdsourcing for better governance inFragile state contexts (pp. 107-148). Open Development Technology Alliance. De la Croix, D., Delavallade, C. (2013). Why corrupt governments may receive more foreigaid. Oxford Economic Papers, 66(1), 51-66. De La O, A. L. (2015). Crafting Policies to End Poverty in Latin America. Cambridge UniversityPress.Haveman, R., Blank, R., Moffitt, R., Smeeding, T., Wallace, G. (2015). The war on poverty:Measurement, trends, and policy. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 34(3),593-638. Hickey, S., Du Toit, A. (2013). Adverse incorporation, social exclusion, and chronic poverty.In Chronic Poverty (pp. 134-159). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Hout, W. (Ed.). (2016). EU development policy and poverty reduction: enhancing effectiveness.Routledge. Katz, M. B. (2013). Poverty and policy in American history. ElsevierKrantz, L. (2012). The sustainable livelihood approach to poverty reduction. SIDA. Division forPolicy and Socio-Economic Analysis. Kwon, H. J., Kim, E. (2014). Poverty reduction and good governance: Examining the rationaleof the Millennium Development Goals. Development and Change, 45(2), 353-375.Ortuo, M. T., Cristbal, P., Ferrer, J. M., Martn-Campo, F. J., Muoz, S., Tirado, G., Vitoriano, B. (2013). Decision aid models and systems for humanitarian logistics. survey. In Decision aid models for disaster management and emergencies (pp. 17-44).Atlantis Press. Panican, A., Johansson, H. (2016). Strategies Against Poverty in a Social Democratic Local Welfare System: Still the Responsibility of Public Actors?. In Combating Poverty in Local Welfare Systems (pp. 155-177). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Randel, J., German, T. (2013). The Reality of Aid 1997-1998: An Independent Review of Development Cooperation (Vol. 10). Routledge. Serrat, O. (2017). The sustainable livelihoods approach. In Knowledge solutions (pp. 21-26)Springer Singapore.